SSLC IT Chapter 7 Theory Questions Notes Learning Science through Computers

Regular practice of SSLC IT Theory Questions and Class 10 IT Chapter 7 Learning Science through Computers Questions and Answers Notes prepares students for objective and descriptive examinations.

Class 10 IT Chapter 7 Question Answer

SSLC IT Chapter 7 Theory Questions

InText Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Observe the movement of the sun during summer solstice in places north of the Arctic Circle? Find the difference in the journey of the Sun and complete the table given below:

Answer:

Place	Country	Latitudinal Position	Direction of movement of Sun
Kuala Lumpur	Malaysia	3°8’28.32” N	The Sun rose almost in the east, moved overhead, and set almost in the west.
Kolkata	India	22°33’45.47” N	The sun rose between the northeast and the east, moved overhead, towards slightly north, and set between the northwest and the west.
Anchorage	United States of America	61°13’5.01”N	The Sun rose in the northeast, moved across the southern sky, and set in the northwest (long day).
Talnakh	Russian Federation	69°29’11.41” N	The Sun did not set; it circled in the sky (midnight sun).
Alice Springs	Australia	23°41’50.93”S	The Sun rose between the southeast and east, moved low in the northern sky, and set between the southwest and west.
Sydney	Australia	33°52’4.26” S	The Sun rose in the southeast, moved across the northern sky, and set in the southwest.
South Pole Telescope	Antarctica	90°0’0.00” S	The Sun did not rise; it remained below the horizon (polar night).

Question 2.
Complete the table by entering the equations in the Input bar in GeoGebra and observe the results obtained.

Answer:

Equation	Features of the Construations
y = 2	A horizontal line, parallel to the x-axis, cutting the y-axis at (0, 2).
x = y	A diagonal line passing through the origin, making a 45° angle with the axes.
x – y = 5	No matter which point on the line is taken, the difference between x and y is always 5. (A line parallel to x = y).
y = 2x	A straight line through the origin with slope 2; rises twice as fast as it runs.
2x + y = 5	A straight line cutting the axes at (0, 5) on y-axis and (2.5, 0) on x-axis.

Class 10 IT Chapter 7 Let’s Assess

Question 1.
Which of the following planets makes it impossible to observe celestial bodies in the Stellarium software?
a) Mercury
b) Venus
c) Uranus
d) Neptune
Answer:
b) Venus

Question 2.
Which of the following locations in the Stellarium software can be used as an observation point to view the midnight sun?
a) Alice Springs
b) Kuala Lumpur
c) Sydney
d) Talnakh
Answer:
d) Talnakh

Question 3.
Which of the following is an online geographic information system portal?
a) Quantum GIS
b) Grass GIS
c) School GIS
d) Map Info Pro
Answer:
c) School GIS

Question 4.
Which of the following is not an open source geographic information system software?
a) Quantum GIS
b) Grass GIS
c) Arc GIS
d) Map Info Pro
Answer:
c) Arc GIS

Question 5.
Which of the following would be an equation for drawing a line parallel to the Y axis using the input tool in GeoGebra?
a) x = 2
b) y = 2
c) x = 2y
d) y = 2x
Answer:
a. x = 2

Question 6.
Which of the following constructions will be obtained if you type A(—», 5) in the Input bar of GeoGebra software?
a) Point
b) Line
c) Circle
d) Short line
Answer:
a) Point

Std 10 IT Chapter 7 Extended Activities

Question 1.
Observe the Earth from the Moon and find the difference between day and night in the northern and southern hemispheres during different months and record it in a table.
Answer:

Month	Northern Hemisphere	Southern Hemisphere
June (Summer Solstice)	Long days, short nights	Short days, long nights
September (Equinox)	Equal day and night	Equal day and nights
December (Winter Solstice)	Short days, long nights	Long days, short nights
March (Equniox)	Equal day and night	Equal day and night

Question 2.
Observe the solar eclipse that occurred in Dallas, the United States, on April 8, 2024 at 1:40 PM in Stellarium. Then find the start and end times and record them in your notebook.
Answer:
(Hints)

1. Open Stellarium software
2. Set location = Dallas, U.S.A.
3. Set date = 8 April 2024
4. Slowly move the time forward to see when the Moon starts covering the Sun → this is the start time.
5. Continue observing until the Moon completely moves away from the Sun → this is the end time.
6. Note down both times.

Question 3.
Open the Slope map we prepared and the PlacesKerala.gpkg file provided in the QGIS/Other_Files folder in QGIS. Find and list the places in the steepest areas on the map.
Answer:
(Hints)

• Open QGIS → Load both the Slope Map and Places_Kerala.gpkg layers.
• Look at the color scale in the slope map (darker/ brighter shades usually = steeper slope).
• Use the Identify Tool to click on places from the Places_Kerala.gpkg file.
• Check which places fall inside the steep slope zones.
• Make a short list of those places in your notebook.

Question 4.
Draw a circle with centre A(1, 4) and radius 2 units using the Input method in GoeGebra software.
Answer:
(Hints)

• Open GeoGebra.
• In the Input Bar, first type:
  A = (1, 4)
  This creates the centre point A.
• Now type:
  Circle[A, 2]
  This creates a circle with centre A and radius 2 units.

Question 5.
Draw line segments y=2 and y=2x in GeoGebra software and find their intersection point using the Input method.
Answer:
(Hints)

• Open GeoGebra.
• In the Input Bar, type:
  y=2
  This will draw a horizontal line.
• Next, type:
  y=2x
  This will draw a sloping line through the origin.
• To find the intersection, type: intersect [y = 2, y = 2x]
  GeoGebra will show the intersection point.

SSLC IT Learning Science through Computers Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Stellarium is mainly used to:
a) Edit images
b) Observe celestial bodies
c) Make maps
d) Draw graphs
Answer:
b) Observe celestial bodies

Question 2.
Which planet makes it difficult to observe celestial bodies in Stellarium because of its brightness?
a) Mercury
b) Venus
c) Saturn
d) Neptune
Answer:
b) Venus

Question 3.
In Stellarium, which window is used to change the observing place?
a) Sky Window
b) Location Window
c) Time Window
d) Search Window
Answer:
b) Location Window

Question 4.
Which place experiences the Midnight Sun during June solstice?
a) Sydney
b) Talnakh
c) Kuala Lumpur
d) Alice Springs
Answer:
b) Talnakh

Question 5.
During the June solstice, which hemisphere has longer days?
a) Northern Hemisphere
b) Southern Hemisphere
c) Both equally
d) None
Answer:
a) Northern Hemisphere

Question 6.
What happens at the South Pole during the Northern Hemisphere’s summer solstice?
a) Midnight Sun
b) Polar Night
c) Eclipse
d) Equal day and night
Answer:
b) Polar Night

Question 7.
The solar eclipse in Dallas (April 8, 2024) began around:
a) 9 AM
b) 12:23 PM
c) 3:00 PM
d) 5:00 PM
Answer:
b) 12:23 PM

Question 8.
The same eclipse reached totality in Dallas at:
a) 12:23 PM
b) 1:40 PM
c) 2:45 PM
d) 3:02 PM
Answer:
b) 1:40 PM

Question 9.
Which of the following is an online GIS portal?
a) QGIS
b) GRASS GIS
c) School GIS
d) ArcGIS
Answer:
c) School GIS

Question 10.
Which of these is not open-source?
a) QGIS
b) GRASS GIS
c) ArcGIS
d) gvSIG
Answer:
c) ArcGIS

Question 11.
QGIS mainly deals with:
a) Sky observation
b) Spatial data (maps)
c) Equations
d) Photos
Answer:
b) Spatial data (maps)

Question 12.
The Kerala places file used in the activity was in which format?
a) .pdf
b) .gpkg
c) .jpg
d) .docx
Answer:
b) .gpkg

Question 13.
Which map in QGIS shows the steepness of land?
a) Heat Map
b) Slope Map
c) Population Map
d) Flow Map
Answer:
b) Slope Map

Question 14.
Which tool in QGIS is used to click and see information about a place?
a) Draw Tool
b) Identify Tool
c) Select Tool
d) Attribute Tool
Answer:
b) Identify Tool

Question 15.
Which of these is proprietary GIS software?
a) QGIS
b) GRASS GIS
c) MapInfo Pro
d) SAGA GIS
Answer:
c) MapInfo Pro

Question 16.
In QGIS, which data type shows features like roads, rivers, and places?
a) Raster
b) Vector
c) Attribute
d) Layout
Answer:
b) Vector

Question 17.
Typing A = (1, 5) in the Input Bar creates:
a) A circle
b) Aline
c) A point
d) A polygon
Answer:
c) A point

Question 18.
The command Circle [A, 2] creates:
a) Circle with centre (0, 0)
b) Circle with centre A and radius 2 units
c) Circle with diameter 2
d) Circle through origin
Answer:
b) Circle with centre A and radius 2 units

Question 19.
Which command is used to find intersection of two lines in GeoGebra?
a) Meet[]
b) Intersect[]
c) Join[]
d) Combine[]
Answer:
b) Intersect[]

Question 20.
The graph of y = x² is:
a) Line
b) Circle
c) Parabola
d) Hyperbola
Answer:
c) Parabola

Question 21.
The graph of x² + y² = 4 is:
a) Circle of radius 2
b) Line
c) Parabola
d) Ellipse
Answer:
a) Circle of radius 2

Question 22.
Which line equation is a horizontal line through y = 2?
a) x = 2
b) y = 2
c) y = 2x
d) x – y = 2
Answer:
b) y = 2

Question 23.
The line y = 2x passes through which point?
a) (0, 0)
b) (1, 0)
c) (0, 2)
d) (2, 1)
Answer:
a) (0, 0)

Question 24.
The intersection of y = 2 and y = 2x is:
a) (2, 2)
b) (0, 2)
c) (1, 2)
d) (2, 0)
Answer:
c) (1, 2)

Question 25.
In 2x + y = 5, the line cuts the y-axis at:
a) (0, 0)
b) (0, 5)
c) (5, 0)
d) (2.5, 0)
Answer:
b) (0, 5)

Question 26.
In x – y = 5, the difference between x and y is always:
a) 2
b) 0
c) 5
d) -5
Answer:
c) 5

Question 27.
Which equation represents a line parallel to the y-axis?
a) y = 2
b) x = 3
c) y = x
d) y = 2x
Answer:
b) x = 3

Question 28.
Which equation represents a line passing through the origin at 45°?
a) y = 2
b) y = x
c) x = y + 1
d) y = 2x
Answer:
b) y = x

Question 29.
In general, equations of type y = mx + c represent:
a) Circle
b) Parabola
c) Straight line
d) Hyperbola
Answer:
c) Straight line

Question 30.
The equation x² + y² = r² represents:
a) Parabola
b) Circle
c) Line
d) Ellipse
Answer:
b) Circle

(Select two correct answers from the options)
Question 31.
Stellarium software is mainly used for:
a) Photo editing
b) Observing planets and stars
c) Studying eclipses
d) Making graphs
e) Designing maps
Answer:
b) Observing planets and stars, c) Studying eclipses

Question 32.
Which planets are very bright and can make nearby celestial bodies hard to observe in Stellarium?
a) Mercury
b) Venus
c) Mars
d) Jupiter
e) Neptune
Answer:
b) Venus, d) Jupiter

Question 33.
During the June solstice, which statements are correct?
a) Northern Hemisphere has long days
b) Southern Hemisphere has long nights
c) Both hemispheres have equal day and night
d) Arctic Circle has Midnight Sun
e) Antarctic Circle has 24 hours of sunlight
Answer:
a) Northern Hemisphere has long days, d) Arctic Circle has Midnight Sun

Question 34.
Which windows are used in Stellarium to change the view?
a) Date/Time Window
b) Location Window
c) Sky Culture Window
d) Internet Window
e) Script Window
Answer:
a) Date/Time Window, b) Location Window

Question 35.
During the April 8, 2024 solar eclipse in Dallas:
a) Partial eclipse began at 12:23 PM
b) Totality began at 1:40 PM
c) Maximum eclipse was at 3:00 PM
d) Eclipse ended by 3:02 PM
e) Eclipse lasted less than 30 minutes in total
Answer:
a) Partial eclipse began at 12:23 PM, b) Totality began at 1:40 PM

Question 36.
Which of the following are open-source GIS software?
a) QGIS
b) GRASS GIS
c) ArcGIS
d) gvSIG
e) MapInfo Pro
Answer:
a) QGIS, b) GRASS GIS

Question 37.
Which of these are proprietary GIS software?
a) MapInfo Pro
b) ArcGIS
c) QGIS
d) SAGA GIS
e) GRASS GIS
Answer:
a) Maplnfo Pro, b) ArcGIS

Question 38.
Which file formats can store vector data in QGIS?
a) .gpkg
b) .shp
c) .jpg
d) .tif
e) .pdf
Answer:
a) .gpkg, b) .shp

Question 39.
Which types of maps can be generated in QGIS?
a) Slope Map
b) Heat Map
c) Flow Map
d) Star Map
e) Eclipse Map
Answer:
a) Slope Map, b) Heat Map

Question 40.
Which tools in QGIS are used to view information about features?
a) Identify Tool
b) Select Tool
c) Paint Tool
d) Measure Tool
e) Attribute Table
Answer:
a) Identify Tool, e) Attribute Table

Question 41.
Typing A = (1, 5) in GeoGebra creates:
a) A line
b) A circle
c) A point
d) A polygon
e) A parabola
Answer:
c) A point, d) A polygon (if extended with multiple points)

Question 42.
Which commands are valid in GeoGebra?
a) Circle[A, 2]
b) Line[A, B]
c) Intersect[f, g]
d) Square[A, 2]
e) ParabolafA, f]
Answer:
a) Circle[A, 2], b) Line[A, B]

Question 43.
Which equations represent curves in GeoGebra?
a) y = x²
b) x² + y² = 9
c) y = 2x
d) y = x
e) x – y = 5
Answer:
a) y = x², b) x² + y² = 9

Question 44.
Which commands give intersection points?
a) Intersect[y = 2, y = 2x]
b) Meet[y = x, y = 2]
c) Intersect[f, g]
d) Circle[A, 2]
e) Line [A, B]
Answer:
a) Intersect[y = 2, y = 2x], c) Intersect[f, g]

Question 45.
Which constructions are possible in GeoGebra?
a) Plot a point
b) Draw a line
c) Draw a circle
d) Generate a slope map
e) Draw a parabola
Answer:
a) Plot a point, c) Draw a circle

Question 46.
Which are examples of horizontal lines?
a) y = 2
b) x = 1
c) y = -5
d) x = 0
e) y = 10
Answer:
a) y = 2, c) y = -5

Question 47.
Which are examples of vertical lines?
a) y = 2
b) x = 3
c) x = -1
d) y = -3
e) x = 0
Answer:
b) x = 3, c) x = -1

Question 48.
Which equations pass through the origin (0, 0)?
a) y = 2
b) y = 2x
c) x = y
d) x – y = 5
e) x² + y² = 4
Answer:
b) y = 2x, c) x = y

Question 49.
Which equations represent parabolas?
a) y = x²
b) y² = 4x
c) x² + y² = 9
d) y = 2x
e) y = x³
Answer:
a) y = x², b) y² = 4x

Question 50.
Which equations represent straight lines?
a) y = 2
b) x = y
c) x – y = 5
d) y = x²
e) 2x + y = 5
Answer:
a) y = 2, e) 2x + y = 5

Question 51.
The equation x² + y² = r² represents:
a) Circle
b) Ellipse
c) Straight Line
d) Parabola
e) Sphere
Answer:
a) Circle, b) Ellipse (general form)

Question 52.
Which equations have slope = 1?
a) y = x
b) y = 2x
c) y = -x
d) x – y = 0
e) y = 0
Answer:
a) y = x, d) x – y = 0

Question 53.
Which lines intersect at (1, 2)?
a) y = 2
b) y = 2x
c) x = 1
d) y = 3
e) x – y = 5
Answer:
a) y = 2, b)y = 2x

Question 54.
Which equations cut both axes?
a) y = 2
b) x = 3
c) 2x + y = 5
d) x² + y² = 9
e) y = x²
Answer:
c) 2x + y = 5, d) x² + y² = 9

Question 55.
Which are correct features of y = 2x?
a) Passes through origin
b) Slope = 2
c) Parallel to y-axis
d) Cuts x-axis at (2, 0)
e) Passes through (1, 2)
Answer:
a) Passes through origin, e) Passes through (1, 2)

SSLC IT Chapter 7 Notes

Class 10 IT Chapter 7 Learning Science through Computers Notes

1. Stellarium
Stellarium is a free desktop planetarium software that simulates various views of the sky. We can see past and upcoming celestial phenomena in it. This is a very helpful software for stargazing and sky watching.
To observe a celestial body in the Stellarium software, the following steps must be performed.

• Place of observation should be set.
• The observation time (date and time) should be set.
• You must select the celestial body to be observed.

To Set Place of Observation
To view the midnight sun, select a location north of the Arctic Circle in Stellarium. Use the Location Window to set your observation point to Tromso, Norway. This allows you to observe how the sun appears differently from the Polar Regions compared to the equator.

• Click on the Location Window (F6) tool at the top of the toolbar.
• Type the location you want to search for in the Search bar in the Location window.
• Select the exact location from the search results.
• You can also adjust the location by clicking on the map in the Location Window. Click at the point to observe.
• If the location is not accurate, just click Reset Location List and adjust the location again.

Details of the town of Tromso

Name/City : Tromso Country : Norway Latitude : N 69° 38’56.05″ Longitude : E 18° 57’ 18.29″

Adjust Day and Time
The midnight sun is visible north of the Arctic Circle during June and July.

To observe it, set the date to June 21 (summer solstice) and the time to 6:00 PM in Stellarium.

• Click on the Location Window (F6) tool at the top of the toolbar.
• In the window that opens, under the map, select Moon under Planet.
• A list of locations included in the software will appear. You can select the desired location and set the location.

To get the impression of observing from the lunar surface in the Stellarium,

• Click on the Sky and Viewing Options window [F4] in the toolbar.
• Select the Landscape tab in the window that opens and select Moon from the list on the left.

Search for Celestial Bodies in Stellarium

• Click on the Search Window (F3) tool in the toolbar.
• Type the name of the object you want to search for in the search bar and press Enter (to search for the Sun, just type Sun).

Direction Indicators in Stellarium

Direction Indicators	Directions
N	North
NE	North East
E	East
SE	South East
S	South
SW	South West
W	West
NW	North West

2. Resource map
Disaster Risk Area Maps
A disaster risk area map highlights vulnerable areas and possible hazards. It is important because it helps in:

• Precautions – Identifying disaster-prone areas and taking safety measures in advance.
• Planning – Supporting prevention activities and proper use of resources.
• Response – Guiding rescue and relief operations effectively.
• Awareness – Educating people about risks and self-protection.

Overall, it is a key tool for disaster preparedness and mitigation.

Geographic Information System (GIS) Software
GIS software records and analyzes Earth’s surface features in layers. It stores spatial data and helps in analysis. Examples include Quantum GIS, GRASS (both free), and ArcGIS.

Quantum GIS

1. Open QGIS → Project → Open, and select the map from the QGIS/Kerala folder.
2. To add landslide data, go to Layer → Add Layer → Add Delimited Text Layer.
3. In the Data Source Manager, click Browse, then select kerala_landslide_catalogue_point.csv.
4. Set the following:
   • File Format: CSV (Comma Separated Value)
   • Geometry Definition: Point coordinates
   • X Field: Longitude, Y Field: Latitude
   • Geometry CRS : EPSG:4326-WGS 84
5. Click Add, then close the Data Source Manager window.
6. The landslide data will appear as a new point layer on the map.
7. To view details of any point:
   • Select the new layer.
   • Click the Identify Features tool.
   • Click on a point to see its landslide data in a pop-up window.

This way, you can explore landslide information directly on the Kerala map.

Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
A digital elevation model is a 3D graphical representation of data representing the elevation of a planet, a region of the earth, or objects on its surface. DEMs are used in geographic information systems.

Finding Slope Details in QGIS

1. Open QGIS → Start a new project (Project → New).
2. Add DEM data:
   • Click Layer → Add Layer → Add Raster Layer.
   • In Data Source Manager, set Source Type → File.
   • Browse and select the DEM file (e.g., DEM_Wayanad.tif) → Click Add.
3. Select the new raster layer.
4. Open Slope Tool
   • Open Processing Toolbox (from menu bar).
   • Navigate: GDAL → Raster analysis → Slope → double-click Slope.
5. Set Parameters
   • In the Slope window, ensure your DEM layer is chosen as Input layer,
   • Set Z factor (vertical/horizontal ratio) to 1.
   • Choose output location and give it a name (e.g., Slope) for the new slope layer.
6. Run the Process
   • Click Run.
   • Wait for processing, then close the Slope window.

Assigning colours to Slope Layers in QGIS

1. Open Slope Layer Properties
   • Right-click the slope layer → select Properties.
2. Go to Symbology
   • In the Properties window, go to Symbology.
   • Set Render type → Singleband pseudocolor.
   • Set Interpolation → Linear.
   • Choose Color ramp → Spectral and enable Invert color ramp.
   • Set Mode → Equal Interval.
   • Set Classes → choose a suitable number.
3. Set Labels and Colors
   • Define slope categories (example: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80).
   • Double-click each Value to change its label.
   • Double-click the color box beside each label to choose a different color.
4. Apply Changes: Click Apply → then OK.

3. Geometry of Equations
Every place on Earth can be located using latitude and longitude. Similarly, in mathematics, a point on a plane is located using a pair of numbers (x, y) called coordinates or index numbers. The x-axis and y-axis together form the coordinate plane.

Plotting Points

• A point is written as (x, y).
• Example: (2, 3) means
  • 2 units along the x-axis (horizontal)
  • 3 units along the y-axis (vertical)

GeoGebra is software that helps in drawing and visualizing points, lines, and curves.
You can create points in two ways:

1. Using tools – Point tool, Line tool, etc.
2. Using Input Bar – Type coordinates directly.
   Example: Typing A=(1, 2) create points A at (1, 2).

Lines from Points

• Plot points A( 1, 2), B( 1, 3), C( 1, 4), D( 1, 5).
• All these points lie on a vertical line parallel to the y-axis.
• The equation of this line is x = 1.

Types of Lines

• y = 2 → Horizontal line through y = 2.
• x = 1 → Vertical line through x = 1.
• x = y → Diagonal line passing through origin.
• x – y = 5 → Line where difference of x and y is always 5.
• y = 2x → Sloping line, slope = 2.
• 2x + y = 5 → Cuts both axes.

Curves from Equations

• y = x² → Parabola (U-shaped curve).
• x² + y² = r² → Circle with radius r.
• Example: x² + y² = 2 gives a circle of radius √2.