Kerala Syllabus Class 10 Social Science Model Question Paper Set 1

Reviewing solved Social Science Question Paper Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Set 1 English Medium helps in understanding answer patterns.

Social Science Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Model Question Paper Set 1

Time: 2½ Hours
Score: 80 Marks
Cool-off Time: 15 Minutes

Instructions:

1. The first fifteen minutes is cool off time.
2. Read the questions and instructions carefully and write the answers.
3. Answer the questions considering score and time.
4. Attempt any one question from each section having choice.

I. Answer the questions from 1 to 8. Each carries 1 score. (8 × 1 = 8)

Question 1.
The SDGs were adopted by the UN in the year:
a) 2010
b) 2012
c) 2015
d) 2018
Answer:
c) 2015

Question 2.
Which among the following countries was a member of Triple Entente?
a) Article 350
b) Article 356
c) Article 370
d) Article 371
Answer:
c) Article 370

Question 3.
Arrange the following suitably.

A – Biotic Resources	i – Minerals, Air
B – Abiotic Resources	ii – Humans, Plants
C – Renewable Resources	iii – It is formed over millions of years and whose reserves decrease with use
D – Non-renewable Resources	iv – It is considered sustainable as long as they are not overused.

a) A-iii, B-i,C-iv, D-ii
b) A-ii, B-i, C-iv, D-iii
c) A-iv, B-iii, C-ii, D-i
d) A-i, B-iv, C-ii, D-iii
Answer:
b) A-ii, B-i, C-iv, D-iii

Question 4.
Which among the following countries was a member of Triple Entente?
a) France
b) Germany
c) Italy
d) Austria- Hungary
Answer:
a) France

Question 5.
Arrange the given items in chronological order.
i. Jallianwala Bagh massacre
ii. Chauri Chaura Incident
iii. Champaran Satyagraha
iv. Ahmedabad textile mill strike

a) ii – i – iii – iv
b) iv – ii- i – iii
c) iii – i – ii – iv
d) iii – iv – i – ii
Answer:
d) iii – iv – i – ii

Question 6.
The White Revolution in India was related to the increase in ________
A. Fish production
B. Food grain production
C. Milk and dairy production
D. Fruit and vegetable production
Answer:
C. Milk and dairy production

Question 7.
Choose; the correct answer by reading the given assertion and reason.
Assertion: Based on the origin,resources are classified into two types: Biotic and Abiotic Resources. Reason: Humans, Plants, and animals are examples of abiotic resources.
a) Assertion is correct, Reason is wrong
b) Both assertion and reason are correct
c) Both assertion and reason are wrong
d) Assertion is wrong, Reason is correct
Answer:
a) Assertion is correct, Reason is wrong

Question 8.
Choose the correct answer by reading the given assertion and reason.
Assertion: Dalit movements emerged in post-independence India.
Reason: The Dalit community does not receive their deserved position in the fields of education and employment,
a) Both assertion and reason are correct
b) Assertion is correct, Reason is wrong
c) Assertion is wrong, Reason is correct
d) Both assertion and reason are wrong
Answer:
a) Both assertion and reason are correct

II. Answer the questions from 9 to 15 in two or more sentences. Each carries 2 score. (7 × 2 = 14)

Question 9.
A. What are the objectives of the United Nations Organisation?
Answer:
Save the succeeding generations from the scourge of war
• To protect international treaties and laws.
• To foster the social and economic development of countries.

OR
B. Explain the role of education in developing public opinion.
Answer:
Educational Institutions: Educational institutions play a major role in shaping and developing the child’s knowledge, rights, duties, scientific thinking, critical thinking, and culture. All knowledge and skills are acquired by the child mainly through educational institutions. The process of education helps a person to form an independent and rational opinion on any subject. Educational institutions play an important role in shaping children’s understanding of various subjects. Activities in school such as school parliament, club activities, sports and cultural activities act as a platform in developing democratic and civic sense among the students. Such activities provide enough avenues for the learners to express their opinions and that develops skills in forming public opinion.

Question 10.
A. The First World War had severe economic impacts on India. Elucidate the statement.
Answer:
Additional wartime taxes were levied on the people.
• Huge quantities of food grains were exported for soldiers which led to a severe food shortage.
• Crop losses and epidemics during that period worsened the situation. Many people died of famine.

OR
B. Examine the movements for Autonomy.
Answer:

• Movements for autonomy are emerged demanding greater autonomy within the country or by demanding special statehood.
• Such movements raise the demand for autonomy by raising issues such as regional neglect, linguistic and cultural differences, and unbalanced economic growth.

Question 11.
Name the three components used to calculate the Human Development Index (HDI) and explain what the HDI measures.
Answer:

• HDI measures the level of human development and economic progress in a country.
• It is calculated using life expectancy, literacy and school enrollment rates, and per capita income.

Question 12.
Explain the process of spread in banking.
Answer:
It is the Commercial banks that provide various loans to individuals and institutions for various financial activities. Commercial banks act as intermediaries between depositors and borrowers. Banks keep a portion of the deposits received as reserves and lend the rest to entrepreneurs. Commercial banks charge interest on the various loans they provide to their customers. The interest rate charged to borrowers is higher than the interest rate paid to depositors. The difference between the interest paid to depositors and the interest charged from borrowers is the income of banks. This is known as the spread. Banks provide loans by accepting various collaterals. They accept gold, land documents, salary certificates, etc. as collateral.

Question 13.
How is solar energy harnessed and used?
Answer:
The Sun is the primary source of energy, and various techniques are employed to convert solar rays into usable energy. Photovoltaic and solar thermal methods’are the primary techniques for harnessing solar energy. The energy obtained is stored in photovoltaic cells and used for various purposes such as heating, lighting, and generating electricity.

Question 14.
Write the category based on SDG value
a. 0 – 49: _______
b. 50 – 64: _______
Answer:
a. Aspirant
b. Performer

Question 15.
Why is the Anti-Arrack Movement considered a women’s liberation movement?
Answer:
The Anti-Arrack Movement is a women’s movement that emerged in the Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh in the 1990s. This movement, in which thousands of women rallied, later spread throughout the entire state. Arrack was a locally brewed and distributed alcoholic beverage. The widespread use of alcohol created social discord and damaged the mental and physical well-being of young people. This also led to the ruin of the economic foundation of the village, domestic violence, atrocities against women, and poverty. The Anti-Arrack Movement evolved into a protest addressing various issues faced by women. This helped to create social awareness against drugs and the problems faced by women in society.

III. Answer the questions from 16 to 23 in three or more sentences. Each carries 3 score. (8 × 3 = 24)

Question 16.
Complete the Table.

Education Commission / Education Policy	Year
Dr. Radhakrishnan Commission	____A____
Dr. Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar Commission	____B____
Dr. D. S. Kothari Commission	____C____

Answer:
A. 1948
B. 1952
C. 1964

Question 17.
A. How New World was transformed as America.
B. Write the characteristics of Public opinion.
Answer:
A. Spain was another country that took part in geographical expeditions. They, too, had a long coast and seafaring heritage just like the Portuguese. They received the patronage of King Ferdinand and Isabella, the rulers of Spain. With the financial aid of Spain in 1492, Christopher Columbus, an Italian navigator, reached the Bahamas Islands located in the southeastern region Vasco da Gama of North America. This journey led to the discovery of a previously unknown continent for Europeans. The event paved the way for the invasion and exploitation of the region by Europeans, which came to be known as the “New World.” Eventually, this region was named America.

Question 18.
Explain the concept of secularism in India and how it is reflected in the Indian Constitution.
Answer:

1. Public opinion reflects diverse opinions.
2. Public opinion is not necessarily the views and opinions of the majority of people but, is the creation of a general consensus on a topic.
3. Public opinion may change with the circumstances, time and new knowledge.

India is a secular state, as stated in the Preamble of the Constitution, meaning the State does not give special status to any religion. Indian secularism ensures the harmonious existence of all religions, whether originating in India or outside. Article 15 of the Constitution prohibits discrimination based on religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. This protects equality and promotes social harmony among diverse religious communities in India.

Question 19.
What are the benefits of humans from the weathering of rocks?
Answer:
Weathering leads to the formation of soil
It helps to separate minerals from rocks
It causes mineral enrichment

Question 20.
Explain the difference between formal and informal sources of credit in India.
Answer:

Question 21.
Identify A,B,C,D and complete the flowchart.

Answer:

Question 22.
Why is the conservation of natural resources important? Explain how it can be achieved.
Answer:
We depend on the Earth for all essential resources, but overuse due to population growth and high demand is depleting them rapidly. Natural resources are dwindling, and if this continues, future generations may face shortages. Conservation means protecting the Earth to maintain its self-regenerative capacity and using resources wisely without harming ecosystems or the global climate. To achieve this, we must develop renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal energy, while reducing the use of fossil fuels, which are limited and polluting.

Question 23.
Briefly outline the three levels of consumer courts established in India.
Answer:
The three levels of consumer courts in India are the District Consumer Forums at the base level, the State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commissions at the intermediate level (hearing appeals and larger value cases), and the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC) at the apex (hearing appeals and cases of national importance).

IV. Answer the questions from 24 to 29 in three or more sentences. Each carries 4 score. (6 × 4 = 24)

Question 24.
A. Write the main goals of Economic reforms.
Answer:

1. To liberalize the Indian economy and open it to the world economy
2. To deregulate the private sector
3. To reduce the government regulation in various sectors
4. To remove the trade restrictions with foreign countries.

OR
B. Explain the given driving forces of Exogenic Movements.
a. Erosion, Transportation, Deposition
b. Mass Wasting
Answer:
a. Erosion, Transportation, Deposition: Rock fragments formed by weathering or other processes are moved from one place to another by running water, glaciers, wind, and waves. Varied landforms are created by the continuous processes carried out by external agencies like running water, wind, glaciers, sea waves, etc. Hence, these agencies are often called geomorphic agents.

• The process by which running water, glaciers, wind, and waves move rock fragments from one place to another is called erosion and transportation.
• These materials will be deposited in low lying regions and this process is called deposition,

b. Mass Wasting: Another type of earth movement that occurs on the surface of the Earth due to exogenic forces is mass wasting. It refers to the movement or fall of rock fragments or earth materials down a slope under the direct influence of gravitational pull. It ranges from very slow movements to rapid movements. Mass wasting can vary from the sliding of a very thin layer of soil to the fall of large quantities of earth materials.

Question 25.
A. Write the factors related to problems.

Problems	Factors
Anu’s family has no steady source of income.	Financial
Income varies with change of season.	Environment
Limited employment opportunities during rainy season, (limitations of the administrative to provide alternative system to intervene and solve economic problems).	Administrative
Problems faced by people living in different geographical areas.	Geographical disparities

B. Complete the diagram.

Answer:

1. Creation of a general consensus on a topic.
2. It may change with the circumstances, time and new knowledge.
3. It is formed in relation to political, socio-economic, and cultural matters.
4. There is no fixed place from where one can express public opinion

Question 26.
A. Conducting a free and fair election in a country as vast and diverse as India was replete with numerous challenges. Examine what they are.
Answer:
Delimiting constituencies.

1. Preparing voters lists based on adult franchise.
2. Educating the illiterate majority about the necessity of voting.
3. Finding out enough election officials and training them.
4. Ensuring a transparent, impartial and fair election.

OR
B. Examine how various sections of society participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Answer:

Peasants	Peasants participated in the movemnt by refusing to pay tax to the government and rent to the landlords.
Labourers	Labourers in railways, ports, andmines participated in the movemnt. The labour strike at sholapur (Maharashtra) turned violent.
Tribal People	They went into the forests to collect resources defying forest laws.
Women	They actively particpated in programmes of the movement, such as salt making, and picketing shops that sold foreign goods
Traders and Industrialists	They refused to buy or sell imported products.

Question 27.
What is Urulpottal and how do they occur?
Answer:
Urulpottal is a type of Mass Wasting. The landslide refers to the downward sliding of a portion of a mountain slope under the force of gravity. In the hilly regions of Kerala, intense rainfall often triggers landslides or debris flows, which may occur either separately or in combination. This phenomenon is locally known as ‘Urulpottal’ and can often be highly destructive. The possible factors that can lead to ‘Urulpottal’ in an area are the slope of the land, the depth and structure of the soil, land use, and the distribution of streams. Areas with a slope of more than 22 degrees have a higher possibility of experiencing debris flow/landslide. Debris flow and landslides are generally common in the Western Ghats and Himalayan mountains. It is estimated that the highlands of Kerala experience widespread major and minor landslides or debris flows, soil piping, and landfalls.

Question 28.
Integration of the princely states was implemented through three treaties. Which are they?
Answer:

1. Stand Still Agreement: The princely states should maintain their status quo was the provision based on this
   agreement. This agreement helped to prevent these states from joining Pakistan.
2. Instrument of Accession: This agreement was meant for the princely states to give their consent to merge into the Indian Union. At the same time, the right to internal self-governance was also granted to the princely states through this.
3. Merger Agreement: This was an agreement for the complete accession of the princely states to the Indian Union. According to this agreement, the right to self-governance ceases to exist.

Question 29.
Explain how the excessive use of non-renewable resources affects the environment and economy.
Answer:

1. Overuse of non-renewable resources like coal and petroleum causes air, water, and soil pollution.
2. It leads to climate change and the depletion of natural reserves.
3. Extraction and transport are expensive, increasing economic burden.
4. Their scarcity can lead to energy crises, affecting industries, transport, and daily life.
5. Therefore, using renewable sources ensures sustainability and economic stability.

V. Answer the questions 30 and 31 in detail. Each carries 5 score. (5 × 2 = 10)

Question 30.
A. What is meant by the diurnal range of temperature? Calculate the diurnal range oftemperature and the mean daily temperature if the maximum temperature is 32°C and the minimum temperature is 17°C recorded at a place. Which city experiences a lower diumalrange of temperature: Thiruvananthapuram or Kanpur? Why.
Answer:
Diurnal range of temperature is the difference between the maximum temperature and the minimum
temperature of a day.
Diurnal Range = Maximum temperature – Minimum temperature
32°C – 17°C = 15°C
\(\text { Mean daily temperature }=\frac{\text { Maximum temperatute }+ \text { Minimum temperature }}{2}\)
= \(\frac{32+17}{2}\)
= \(\frac{49}{2}\) = 24.5°C
Thiruvananthapuram: Thiruvananthapuram experiences less diurnal range of temperature because it is located close to the sea. But Kanpur is located far from the ocean. Since it is not close to the ocean the diurnal range of  temperature will be greater.

OR
B. Write a note on Sudden Movements.
Answer:
Volcanoes: The outermost layer of the Earth, called the crust, along with the uppermost portion of the mantle, together form the lithosphere with an average thickness of 100 kilometres. A zone lying just below the solid lithosphere called the asthenosphere, where rocks exist in a partially molten (semi-liquid) state. It is from this zone that molten rock material, called magma, rises to the surface of the Earth through holes, cracks, and weaker portions of the lithosphere. It is from this zone that molten rock material, called magma, rises to the surface of the Earth through holes, cracks, and weaker portions of the lithosphere.

The openings in the lithosphere through which molten rock material, gases, ash, pyroclastic materials (rock fragments), dust, and water vapour erupt to the surface of the Earth are called volcanoes. The materials that erupt in this way are known as volcanic materials. The molten rock material present in the upper mantle is called magma. Once it starts moving towards the crust or reaches the surface, it is referred to as lava. Earth’s lithosphere consists of seven major plates and several minor plates, as explained by theory of Plate Tectonics. The major volcanic zones are mainly located along plate margins.

Volcanoes and Human Life

1. Volcanic explosions near human settlements cause loss of lives and destruct properties.
2. They disrupt economic activities and severely affect human life.
3. The lava flow following a volcanic eruption adversely impacts both nature and human settlements. By destroying houses and land, it leaves many people homeless and jobless.

Earthquakes: The reason for earthquakes is the friction between lithospheric plates. When two lithospheric plates move past each other, friction is generated along their margins. This friction in a way restricts the movement of the plates, causing high tension to build up along the margins. As a result, energy gets concentrated in these areas. When the pressure of the plates to move overcomes the friction at the plate boundaries, a sudden movement or rupture occurs at the plate boundaries. This causes energy to be released abruptly.

This energy travels to the surface as seismic waves, which are experienced as earthquakes. Such types of earthquakes are called tectonic earthquakes. The point inside the Earth from which the energy is released is called the focus or hypocentre. The point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus is called the epicentre. The epicentre is closest to the hypocentre, and it is this point that seismic waves reach first.

Tsunami: Severe earthquakes that occur on the ocean floor cause giant waves, which can rise up to several metres. These giant waves are called tsunamis. The impact of volcanic eruptions on the ocean floor and the fall of meteors can also cause tsunamis. It is the coastal areas that mainly bear the brunt of tsunamis. Tsunami warning systems are widely used today with the help of modem technologies.

1. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), using satellite communication systems, has installed Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART) stations at many locations to detect and monitor tsunami activity.
2. A strong earthquake with a magnitude of 9.1 occurred in the Indian Ocean, southwest of Aceh Province in Sumatra, on 26 December 2004. It triggered a tsunami that caused widespread devastation along many coasts, including the coast of Kerala.

Question 31.
A. Write a note on Kerala’s achievement on:
a. Education
b. Health
Answer:
EDUCATION:
Education in Kerala gained strength when agricultural land became accessible to farmers, through land reforms. Kerala managed to make primary education free and universal through steps like land reforms and the Kerala Education Act of 1958. As a result of popular literacy campaigns, Kerala became India’s first fully literate state on April 18, 1991. With the enactment of the Kerala Panchayati Raj Act on April 23, 1994, local self-government institutions gained more powers in the education sector. This led to the formulation of various educational projects with public participation.

Kerala and Higher Education

1. The progress achieved in the primary education sector gradually extended to the higher education sector in Kerala.
2. The general objective of higher education is to nurture a young generation capable of leading towards a comprehensive change in all spheres of society.
3. Higher education institutions in Kerala operate with the additional goal of fostering research and innovative discoveries, along with achieving proficiency in the fields of science, technology, and humanities.
4. At the time of the formation of the state of Kerala, there was only one university in Kerala (the University of Kerala). However, today, various universities function in Kerala prioritising science, technology, agriculture, and health sectors. In addition, Polytechnics, Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs), and similar institutions also function in Kerala as part of job skill development.
5. Thus, the importance given to universal education since the formation of the state of Kerala and the achievements made in that sector are the main factors that have made Kerala a model state in the field of education.

HEALTH SECTOR

1. Kerala has a public healthcare system comparable to that of developed countries.
2. Kerala has been able to elevate its health sector to global standards and ensure excellent healthcare even with limited resources and at a low cost.

Some of the achievements of Kerala in the health sector are listed below:

1. Low infant mortality rate
2. Low maternal mortality rate
3. High life expectancy
4. Rapidly declining population growth rate

Through the achievements in education and health sectors, Kerala has been able to rise to a global standard in the Human Development Index, despite having a low per capita income. Kerala became a model for other states in poverty alleviation through the Universal Public Distribution System implemented in 1965. In addition to this, Kerala has achieved significant progress in women’s empowerment, through Kudumbashree; in local governance, through decentralised planning; and in literacy, through the activities of Kerala State Literacy Mission Authority (KSLMA). Kerala’s agricultural, educational, and health sectors have developed with an emphasis on democratic values and social justice. Therefore, our state has been able to overcome with new challenges and compete with the standards of developed countries.

OR
B. Write a note on popular movements in Indian democracy.
a. Backward class movement
b. Dalit Movement
Answer:
a. BACKWARD CLASS MOVEMENTS AND THE MANDAL COMMISSION
Other Backward Classes are the groups of people who are not included in the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and are socially and educationally backward. In 1953, the Central Government appointed a commission to study the reasons for the social backwardness of backward classes and to suggest remedies. It is known as the Kaka Kalelkar Commission. Although the commission submitted some recommendations, they were not implemented.

The Janata Party government that came to power after the Emergency constituted another commission in 1979, headed by B. P. Mandal, to study the social and educational backwardness of the OBC communities and to suggest solutions. This is known as the Second Backward Classes Commission and as the Mandal Commission.

The commission submitted its report to the central government in 1980, recommending 27% reservation for backward classes in government jobs and educational institutions. The National Front government led by V. P. Singh decided to implement this report in 1990. This decision led to violent protests and agitations in many cities of North India. However, later the Supreme Court approved the implementation of the report.

Today, all the major political parties in the country accept OBC reservation. The Mandal Commission’s report holds great significance in Indian democracy as it helped to ensure the welfare of backward classes, that constitute nearly half of the population. During the period from the formation of the Mandal Commission to the implementation of its report, several backward class dominated political and social movements emerged. The Janata Dal and the political parties evolved from Janata Dal are examples for this.

b. Dalit movements
Dalit movements emerged from the sentiment that, in the post-independence India, Dalit communities were being kept away from the mainstream of society and were being denied their due rights. Although the constitution guarantees reservations for Dalit communities in education and employment, there existed a situation where they did not receive their deserved positions in socially significant areas, mainstream politics, and administration.

Dalit community faced problems such as backwardness in education and employment, social and economic inequality, and landlessness. Inspired by the ideas of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, the architect of the constitution, Dalit communities organised and formed movements. Among these movements, the Dalit Panthers movement was a significant one.

The Dalit Panthers Movement
• The Dalit Panthers movement was formed in Maharashtra in 1972. The movement was led by educated Dalit youth from urban areas. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar’s ideas of social justice for backward communities, equality, and the annihilation of caste etc influenced the Dalit Panthers movement. They organised aggressive resistance against caste discrimination, large-scale public protests against unjust police brutalities, literary and cultural programmes, and various activities in collaboration with other social justice movements. The Dalit Panthers movement was able to make the lives of those who were considered untouchable and marginalised, the themes of literature, cinema, drama, etc. and to persuade the government to take strong measures against attacks on Dalits.

Another organisation formed for the uplift of Dalit communities was the Backward and Minority Communities Employees Federation (BAMCEF), established in 1978. It was not simply an organisation formed for the protection of the interest of the employees. Rather, it stood for the political empowerment of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes, and the minorities. From this organisation, the Dalit Shoshit Samaj Sangharsh Samiti and the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), under the leadership of Kanshi Ram were also formed. BSP was able to gain political influence in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, and Punjab with the support of Dalits.