Prasanna

You can Download Economic Systems and Economic Policies Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 9 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 9 Economic Systems and Economic Policies

Economic Systems and Economic Policies TextBook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Name the different economic systems
Answer:

• Capital economy
• Socialist economy
• Mixed economy

Question 2.
What do you mean by capitalist economy? Point out its important features.
Answer:
Capitalist economy is the economy in which the ownership of means of production is with private individuals who work with the motive of making profits. Other features of capitalist economy are as follows:

• Freedom for the entrepreneurs to produce any commodity
• Right to private property
• Profit motive
• Transfer of wealth to legal heir
• Free market with no control over price
• Consumers sovereignty
• Competition among entrepreneurs to sell products.

Question 3.
In a capitalist economy, major economic decisions are taken by
Answer:
Price Mechanism

Question 4.
Define socialist economy. What are the features of a socialist economy?
Answer:
Socialist economy is an economic system in which the means of production are owned by the public sector. This economic system works on centralised planning. Let us analyse other features of a socialist economy:

• Activities aimed at social welfare
• Absence of private entrepreneur
• Absence of private ownership of wealth and transfer of wealth to legal heir
• Economic equality

Question 5.
Point out demerits of socialism
Answer:

• Less investment.
• Absence of private ownership of wealth
• Limited choice of products.

Question 6.
What is mixed economy? What are its features?
Answer;
Mixed economy is the economy that has certain features of both the capitalist economy and socialist economy. India has adopted mixed economy. Let us analyse some of the features of a mixed economy.

• Existence of both private and public sectors.
• Economy works on the principle of planning
• Importance to welfare activities
• Existence of both freedom of private ownership of wealth and economic control.

Question 7.
Categorise the following countries into different economic systems.
1. USA
2. China
3. Cuba
4. India
5. Sri lanka
6. U.K.
Answer:
Capitalist economy:
1. USA
6 U.K.
Socialist economy
2. China
3. Cuba
Mixed Economy
4. India
5. Sri lanka

Question 8.
Relaxation of government control and influence over the economic activities in a country is:
a) Privatisation
b) Liberalisation
c) Globalisation
d) Marketisation
Answer:
b) Liberalisation

Question 9.
India adopted new economic policy in
Answer:
1991

Question 10.
Mention the changes that were brought about as a result of liberalisation.
Answer:

• Relaxation of control in setting up industries.
• Reduction of import tariff and tax.
• Changes in foreign exchange rules.
• Abolition of market control
• Permission of foreign investment in many sectors.
• Reduced the role of government in the basic industries and basic infrastructure development.

Question 11.
Prepare a note on globalization.
Answer
Globalisation is the economic integration and interdependence of nations as a result of free flow of capital, labour, goods and services, and exchange of technology irrespective of boundaries.

Towards the end of the twentieth century, developments in computer, mobile phones, internet, etc helped in improved communication. Container ships, flights, bullet trains, etc. contributed to the fast means of transportation these changes helped globalization.

Question 12.
WTO was formed on
Answer;
1^st January 1995

Question 13.
Name Bretton woods twins
Answer;
IMF and World Bank

Let Us Assess

Question 14.
Why is the capitalist economy known as Market economy?
Answer;
Capital economy functions aiming profit, complete each other and there is no control over prices. So capital economy is also called market economy.

Question 15.
Elucidate the concept of police state.
Answer;
In capital economy there is very little government intervention in the economic activities in capitalist economy. The main functions of the nation are to maintain law and order and to defend the country from foreign invasion. Such nations are known as police state.

Question 16.
Planning is the main feature of the socialist economy. Explain.
Answer;
It is through planning that the basic problems of an economy are solved by the socialist economy. Regarding what to produce, how to produce and for whom to produce is done to ensure social welfare. Goods and services are produced and distributed accordingly. The amount of goods and services required for the society is calculated and production is done accordingly.

Question 17.
Today, purely capitalist and socialist economies can not be found in the world. Substantiate.
Answer;
Pure form of capitalist or socialist economies can not be seen anywhere today. There is government intervention in capitalist economies like those in the United Kingdom and the United States of America. Private ownership of wealth and freedom of market have been permitted in socialist countries like China and Cuba.

Question 18.
List the actions taken by the government of India as a part of liberalisation.
Answer:

• Relaxation of control in setting up industries.
• Reduction of import tariff and tax
• Changes in foreign exchange rules
• Abolition of market control
• Permission of foreign investment in many sectors.
• Reduced the role of government in the basic industries and basic infrastructure development.

Question 19.
Make a note on the working of multinational companies.
Answer:
Multinational companies are those companies registered in the home country but operating in many countries. These companies with high technology and huge capital viewed neoliberalisation as an opportunity. Instead of producing goods in a country and exporting it to other countries, the multinational companies have invested their capital in developing countries so that raw materials, labour and market available there can be used in their favour.

Question 20.
Do you support globalisation policies? Why?
Answer:
Globalisation have its own merits and demerits. As part of globalisation a wide variety of products, ability to use the most advanced technology, increased competition in the market, more employment opportunities and increase in national income are possible and at the same time increase economic disparity, excess exploitation of natural resources, fall in the price of domestic products lose of government control over economic system happens. Even though globalisation is good for developed nations but it has adverse effect for developing nations.

Question 21.
What are the features of mixed economy?
Answer:

• Existence of both public and private sectors.
• Economy works on the principle of planning.
• Importance to welfare activities.
• Existence of both freedom of private ownership of wealth and economic control.

Question 22.
What is known as globalisation?
Answer:
Globalisation is the economic integration and inter-dependence of nations as a result of free flow of capital, labour, goods and services and exchange of technology irrespective of boundaries.

You can Download Learning the Game Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard English Solutions Unit 1 Chapter 2 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard English Solutions Unit 1 Chapter 2 Learning the Game

Std 9 English Textbook Learning the Game Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Cite instances from the passage that show Sachin’s love for cricket even from a very early age.
Answer:
Sachin played cricket with his colony friends. He loved watching cricket on television. While playing cricket he tried to imitate his favorite players, Sunil Gavaskar and Viv Richards.

Question 2.
How did Shardashram Vidhyamandir differ from other schools in Mumbai?
Answer:
Shradashram Vidhyamandhir gave greater importance to the game of cricket than other schools. Ramakant Achrekar was the cricket coach there.

Question 3.
What was Achrekar Sir’s first impression of Sachin?
Answer:
Achrekar first thought that Sachin was too young to attend the camp.

Question 4.
What was the role of Ajith in Sachin’s induction into the Mumbai cricket circuit?
Answer:
Ajit requested Achrekar to give Sachin one more chance. He wanted Sir to pretend to go away and watch him bat from a distance.

Question 5.
Why did Sachin feel that the schedule of the camp was ‘rigorous’?
Answer:
Sachin had practice sessions every morning and evening at Shivaji Park which was 40-minute bus ride from his home. After practice, Sachin would be thoroughly exhausted. So he felt that the schedule of the camp was a rigorous one.

Question 6.
What served Sachin as a very personal coaching manual?
Answer:
Sachin’s brother Ajit once gave him a note containing some thoughts about batting. He kept it with him as it served him as a very personal coaching manual.

Question 7.
“The system worked well – apart from my pockets.” What is the ‘system’ referred to here by Sachin?
Answer:
Sachin had only one set of cricket clothes. So his routine was to wash and dry them after each session so that he could wear them for the next session. This routine is the ‘system’ referred to by Sachin.

Question 8.
Why was Sachin asked to change his school?
Answer:
The New English School where Sachin studied did not have cricket facilities. His coach advised him to change his school if he wanted to take cricket seriously.

Question 9.
What was the condition laid down by Sachin’s father for changing his school?
Answer:
Only if Sachin was really serious about playing cricket, his father was ready to change his school.

Question 10.
What did Sachin consider as a kind of safety valve?
Answer:
All his excess energies were channeled into playing cricket and Sachin considered this as a safety valve.

Question 11.
How did the one rupee coin help Sachin to become a good batsman?
Answer:
In order to own the one-rupee coin kept by Achrekar on top of the stumps, Sachin had to avoid getting out and bat continuously with some sixty to seventy boys fielding. So he had to hit the ball along the ground. It taught him how to concentrate even when physically drained. It also gave him immense satisfaction.

Question 12.
What helped Sachin to build up physical and mental stamina?
Answer:
After the thorough practice in cricket, Sachin had to run two full circuits of Shivaji Park with his pads and gloves on. This routine throughout the summer holidays helped him to build up his physical and mental stamina.

Question 13.
This regular demand was “a little unreasonable.”
a) What was the demand?
b) Why was it unreasonable?
Answer:
a) After his practice sessions in cricket, Sachin used to demand his father to treat him to a special fruit juice.
b) He had not realized that his parents also had to £ take care of the needs of his brothers and sister. So his demand was unreasonable.

Question 14.
Why was Sachin asked by the bus conductors to buy two tickets?
Answer:
When Sachin had to stand inside the bus with the kitbag on his back, he often took the space of another passenger. So sometimes he was asked by the conductors to buy two tickets.

Question 15.
‘Cricket is waiting for you at the nets. Practice hard and see what magic can transpire. ‘What aspect of a coach can you infer in Achrekar here?
Answer:
Sometimes when Sachin evaded practicing at the nets, Achrekar would come on his scooter to take him to the nets. Only a responsible and sincere coach would do it.

Question 16.
a) Why did Achrekar Sir punish Sachin?
b) How did it help him?
Answer:
a) Achrekar Sir punished Sachin once when he bunked the daily evening practice.
b) It helped him to practice hard every day and become a world-renowned cricketer.

Let’s revisit and reflect (Page 26)

Question 1.
Do you think that the summer camp at Shivaji park helped Sachin to mould himself into a real cricketer? State your reasons.
Answer:
Yes I think that the zealous practice made by Sachin at Shivaji park made him a great and real cricketer. He practiced from 7.30 am to 10.30 am in the morning and in the afternoon he practiced till late evening. His dedication and hard work made him to do so.

Question 2.
“One day people from across the world would come and watch you play.” Did these words of Achrekar Sir come true? Explain.
Answer:
Yes, they did. Sachin became known as the god of cricket. He is the only player to have scored one hundred international centuries, the.first batsman to score a double century in a One Day International, the holder ‘: of the record for the number of runs in both ODI and , A: Test cricket, and the only player to complete more than 30,000 runs in international cricket.

Question 3.
Quote the sentences which you find most inspiring, from ‘Learning the Game’. How do they inspire you?
Answer:

• I was delighted and I must say it was an opportunity that transformed my life.
• There was never quite enough time for the pockets to dry out completely, and for the entire duration of the camp, I played with wet pockets.
• Winning the one-rupee coin used to give me immense satisfaction and taught me how to concentrate even when physically drained. I am quite inspired by the quotes as they tell me to utilize the opportunities that come my way, They tell me to be persevering and determined.

Activity -1 (Page 26)

Read the excerpt from Sachin’s autobiography ‘Learning the Game’ and list the role of his father, brother, and coach in moulding the cricket legend.

“One day people from across the world would come and watch you play.” Said Achrekar.
Now, look at these pictures.

Achrekar was able to foresee similar pictures even when Sachin was a school cricketer.
Not only Achrekar but also his father and brother played an important role in Sachin’s career. List out their roles.

Write up

Molding a Legend:
‘Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them’. For achieving success in life sometimes we want someone to motivate us, someone, to guide us, someone, to inspire us. Here in the extract, we can see Ajit, Sachin’s brother is the person who discovered the talent in him. And Achrekar sir is the person behind his success. Finding out the talents In Sachin and developing them was the role played by Ajit and Achrekar. The great leader and orator Abraham Lincoln was also motivated by his childhood friend Dennis Hanks.

Almost every great person has the story of someone behind the curtain helping him to grow to fame. Sachin’s father Ramesh Tendulkar also allowed him to change the school and advised him to take cricket seriously. He encouraged his son saying all he wanted him to do was to make his best efforts without worrying about the results. Sunil Gavaskar and Viv Richards inspired Sachin. Setting the goal and pursuing it are the main factors we see in the life of Sachin.

Activity – 2 (Page 27)

a) Prepare a profile of Sachin’s coach Ramakanth Achrekar using the information given below.
Name: Ramakanth Achrekar
Year of birth: 1932
Place of birth: Malvan, Maharashtra
Occupation: Cricket coach
Founder: Kamath Memorial Cricket Club at Shivaji Park
Famous players trained: Sachin Tendulkar, Vinod Kambli, Ajith Agarkar
Awards and honors: Dronacharya Award in 1990, Padma Shri in 2010

Profile of Ramakanth Achrekar

Ramakanth Achrekar was born in 1932 at Malvan in Maharashtra. He was well-known as a cricket coach. He was the founder of Kamath Memorial Cricket Club at Shivaji Park. He was the coach of the god of Cricket in India, Sachin Tendulkar and some outstanding players like Vinod Kambli and Ajith Agarkar. He was a man of great foresight and vision. He was honoured by the country by giving him the Dronacharya Award in 1990 and Padma Shri in 2010.

b) Your school is organizing a meeting to honour Ramakanth Achrekar. Suppose you are the anchor of the function. Prepare a script for introducing him using the information given above.

Your school is organizing a meeting to honour Ramakant Achrekar. Suppose you are the anchor of the function. Prepare a script for introducing him using the information given above.

Dear friends,
I have great pleasure in introducing to you the great man who molded the cricket career of Sachin Tendulkar, popularly known as the god of cricket in India. He was the founder of Kamath Memorial Cricket Club at Shivaji Park. He was the coach of the god of Cricket in India, Sachin Tendulkar and some outstanding players like Vinod Kambli and Ajith Agarkar. He was a man of great foresight and vision. He was honoured by the country by giving him the Dronacharya Award in 1990 and Padma Shri in 2010. Sachin rightly said, “I owe myself to Achrekar Sir.”

Activity – 3 (Page 29)

Read the extract from a blog about the famous athlete Wilma Rudolph written by Jason Anderson in sparkpeople.com

With the help of your teacher, prepare a blog on your school. Don Bosco School is a private, English-medium, co-educational school in Irinjalakuda, Kerala, India. It was established in March 1962 on the invitation of the late Bishop of Thrissur, George Alappatt. The school is run by Salesian Priests who add the title SDB to their names. SDB means Society of Don Bosco. The school is committed to give excellent education to the children who are enrolled there. The school has good playgrounds and other facilities for physical training.

In Latin, there is a proverb which says “Mens Sana in CPrpore Sano” which means a sound mind in a sound body. Education is not just filling the minds of the students with facts, figures, and formulae, but giving them good training of the body and mind, teaching them good moral values. Don Bosco school has been carrying out its responsibilities in a laudable manner.

It has a fine library and excellent teachers. The classrooms are well-ventilated and the students feel comfortable in sitting and studying there. The school has an Alumni Association which carries out many laudable things in the society which includes helping the poor people by giving them all sorts of help. Students who have come out of this school are proud of their ‘Alma Mater’.

You can Download The Scholarship Jacket Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard English Solutions Unit 4 Chapter 1 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard English Solutions Unit 4 Chapter 1 The Scholarship Jacket (Short Story)

Std 10 English Textbook The Scholarship Jacket Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What was the tradition followed in the small Texas school?
Answer:
The tradition followed in the small Texas school was that a beautiful gold and green jacket was awarded to the student who had maintained the highest grades for eight years. The award was given during the passing out function (in the USA they call it graduation) of the 8th graders.

Question 2.
What do you think the letter ‘S’ on the jacket represents?
Answer:
The letter ‘S’ represents “scholarship”.

Question 3.
‘This one, the scholarship jacket, was our only chance.’Why does Martha say so?
Answer:
She says it because her parents were very poor. To take part in the school sports, a lot of money had to be paid by way of registration fees, uniform and outside trips. So Martha’s brothers and sister had no chance of getting any jacket by being a member of any team or by winning any sport event.

Question 4.
How does Martha describe herself?
Answer:
She was pencil thin, without any curve anywhere. She was called ‘beanpole’ and ‘string bean’.

Question 5.
What were Martha’s teachers arguing about?
Answer:
They were arguing about Martha. If merit was the only consideration, the scholarship jacket should go to Martha. That is what Mr. Schmidt, her history teacher wanted. But her maths teacher named Mr. Boone wanted it to be given to Joann as her father is a Board member and owns the only store in town.

Question 6.
Why was Mr. Boone arguing in Joann’s favour?
Answer:
Mr. Boone was arguing in Joann’s favour because her father was a Board member and owns the only store in town.

Question 7.
‘It seemed a cruel coincidence…. ’ Why did Martha sayso?
Answer:
Martha said so because the argument she overheard between Mr. Schmidt and Mr. Boone was about herself, about the giving of the scholarship jacket. When she was called to the principal’s office she knew why she was being called.

Question 8.
Why was the principal ‘uncomfortable and unhappy’?
Answer:
He was uncomfortable and unhappy because that year a new rule was brought by the Board that the student who is to be given the scholarship jacket should pay an amount of 15 dollars. He knew that Martha deserved the jacket, but since she was too poor to pay, the jacket will have to be given to someone else. He knew it was a ploy by a Board member to enable his daughter Joann to get the jacket.

Question 9.
Why was Martha shocked?
Answer:
She was shocked because the principal told her that she would have to pay 15 dollars if she wanted the jacket. Until that year it was given free to the best student.

Question 10.
Why was the winning the scholarship jacket important to Martha?
Answer:
It was important to Martha because it represented 8 years of hard work and expectation.

Question 11.
Why did Martha’s grandfather refuse to pay the money?
Answer:
He refused to pay the money because he thought that if she pays for it, it will not be a scholarship jacket anymore.

Question 12.
Why was the principal disturbed when Martha’s grandfather refused to pay the money?
Answer:
The principal was disturbed when Martha’s grandfather refused to pay the money because then the jacket will have to be given to someone else. The principal knew full well that Martha deserved it and he did not want herto lose it. The principal also knew that the grandfather’s reasoning was right. It is not that the grandfather does not have 15 dollars as he owns a 200-acre ranch.

Question 13.
Why did the principal change his mind?
Answer:
The principal was an honest man and he knew that Martha’deserved the jacket. He also thought that by making a student pay, a scholarship jacket would not remain a scholarship jacket any more. It would be like a jacket bought in the market., Moreover he sympathized with Martha.

Question 14.
How did Martha wish to express her joy?
Answer:
She wished to express her joy by yelling, jumping, running the mile or doing something.

Question 15.
Who really helped Martha get the scholarship jacket? How?
Answer:
Mr. Schmidt. He must have told the principal that he was not ready to tell lies or falsify records. He must have threatened to resign from his job if Martha was not given the jacket.

Question 16.
‘His face looked happy and innocent as a baby’s, but I knew better.’ What does the expression ‘but I knew better’ suggest here?
Answer:
She knew that it was Mr. Schmidt who argued for her and convinced the principal to give the jacket to her instead of giving it to Joann, whose father was a Board member.

Activity 1

Question 1.
What did the teacher mean by the statement ‘Martha is Mexican’?
Answer:
This statement was made by Mr. Boone, Martha’s Maths teacher. He was in favour of giving the scholarship jacket to Joann, the daughter of a Board member, who owned the only store in town. To add weight to his argument he was bringing in the racial issue. His argument is why to give the scholarship jacket to a Mexican, instead of giving to an American? From this we see that even in schools there is racial prejudice. In fact teachers must be above such petty considerations. In schools only merit should count and not religion, sex, race or nationality.

Activity 2

Question 1.
Narrate the events that led to Martha’s winning the Scholarship Jacket.
Answer:
Martha comes from a poor family and as her parents could not afford to keep her, she is given to her grandparents to bring her up. But she is a hardworking girl who has been at the top of the class for all the 8 years. In the Texas school where she studied, there was a custom that the student who maintained the topmost grades for all the 8 years would be awarded a scholarship jacket on the passing out (graduation) function. The jacket was free. But that year a Board Member wanted her daughter to get the scholarship jacket. For that a rule was made that only if the student pays 15 dollars the jacket would be given.

The member and some of his supporters among the staff know that Martha is too poor to pay and thus Joann could get the jacket. When Martha goes home and asks her grandfather to pay 15 dollars, he refuses to pay saying that if the money is paid it will no more be a scholarship jacket. Martha goes and says this to the principal. Some teachers, like Mr. Schmidt, Martha’s history teacher, had already insisted that the jacket should be given to Martha as she is the one who. really deserves it. Finally the principal decides to award it to Martha.

Activity 3

Question 1.
Pick out instances from the story that reveal the role played by them and complete the table given.
Paragraphs about each:

The grandfather: We see him always working in the field. He is a rich man with a 200-acre ranch and he does a lot of the work himself. He is very logical. He says that if money is to be paid for scholarship jacket, it will no more remain a scholarship jacket. His argument wins in the end.

The Principal: We see the principal calling Martha and telling her that from that year there is a policy change and she has to pay 15 dollars to get the scholarship jacket. From his behaviour we know he is unhappy about the decision of the Board as he knows Martha deserves the scholarship jacket. He is a good man because he finally decides to give the jacket to Martha. This may offend the father of Joann and also teachers like Mr. Boone.

Mr Boone: He is a bad teacher. He wants the scholarship jacket to go to Joann because her father is a Board member and he owns the only store in town. He also says Martha is a Mexican and so the jacket should go to Joartn. He is a racist in the sense that he does not give due consideration to merit, but to race and nationality. Such teachers are a shame to the profession.

Mr. Schmidt: He is a good example for a nice teacher. He insists that the jacket should be given to Martha. He is not ready to tell lies and falsify records to favour Joann. He even threatens to resign his job, if the jacket is not given to Martha. We see him happy in the end because he knows justice is done. He must have been jubilant when Martha gave him an affectionate hug.

Activity 4

Question 1.
Prepare the speech and present it before the class.
Answer:
Respected Principal, my dear teachers and friends, It is with joy and sorrow that I stand here. Joy because I have passed the 8th grade and received the scholarship jacket. Sorrow because I have to leave this school and my beloved teachers that have made me grow wiser and my friends with whom I have spent 8 years of my childhood. I thank the Principal and my teachers and my classmates who have helped me in getting this scholarship jacket. My sister had earned it a few years ago and now I am getting it and I am sure my family members will be proud of me. I take this opportunity to especially thank my History Teacher, Mr. Schmidt who has helped me in different ways. I will always remember him with gratitude.

Before I conclude, I would like to make a suggestion. This year the Board had decided to charge 15 dollars for the jacket. But fortunately for me the Principal was kind to make an exception and that is why I am getting this jacket. I want to say to everyone concerned that a scholarship jacket will not remain a scholarship jacket, if one has to pay for it even a single dollar.

I once again thank everyone for making my stay in this school a memorable one. I wish all my classmates a successful future.
Martha

Activity 5

Question 1.
The management decides to change the policy regarding the Scholarship Jacket. The principal feels uncomfortable and unhappy about this change. He expresses his resentment in a letter to the management. Write the likely letter.
Answer:

School Letterhead

The Chairman
Management of the Texas Rural School
Texas
16 June 2016

Dear Sir,
Sub: CHARGING FEE FOR THE SCHOLARSHIP JACKET
I am much grieved at the decision of the Management to charge a fee of 15 dollars from the student who is eligible to get the scholarship jacket. Our school has been in existence for 80 years and all these years the jacket was given free. Now, making a sudden change in the policy is not advisable for many reasons.

The biggest reason is that the eligible student may be from a poor family and he/she may not be able to make the payment. Thereby the student will lose his/her chance to get the jacket. This is injustice. Money should not become a criterion for receiving such honors.

Secondly charging a fee for the scholarship jacket will reduce the significance of the scholarship jacket. If one has to pay a fee for that jacket, it will be like any other jacket bought in the market.
Many of the teachers are against the decision of the Management to charge a fee for the jacket. It breaks an honorable tradition set by this school and also it prevents poor students from having the reward for their continuous hard work.

So please reconsider the matter and once again make the scholarship jacket what it actually is – a scholarship jacket.
Thank you,

Yours sincerely,
Sd/-
(Selina Job)
Principal

Activity 6

Question 1.
Here Martha tells her own story. Imagine that you are a friend of Martha and you know everything that happened in her life in connection with the issue of the Scholarship Jacket. If you narrate the story, how would you do it? Write the likely narrative.
Answer:
Martha is an intelligent and hardworking girl. But because her parents were poor, they gave her to her grandparents to bring up. Her poverty did not stop her from hard work and she has been scoring top grades all the years.

In the Texas school where she was studying, there was the custom of awarding a scholarship jacket to the best outgoing student. The jacket was given during the valedictory function for the 8^th grade students. The eligible student should have constantly scored the top grades in all the 8 years of his/her stay there. Martha was sure she would get it and she was eagerly awaiting it.

There was a girl called Joann in her class. She was nowhere near Martha in her grades. But her father was a Board member and he made a plan to keep Martha away from the Prize. He knew that Martha was too poor to pay any money to get the jacket. He and some his friends took the initiative and made the Board change its policy from that year. They decided that to get the scholarship jacket the student has to pay 15 dollars. By this he knew that Martha won’t get it and it could then be given to Joann.

But a good teacher named Mr. Schmidt was against this scheme. He persuaded the principal to make the scholarship jacket free. The principal also realized it would be an injustice to Martha if the jacket was not given to her. So, finally, Martha got it because of the goodness of Mr. Schmidt and the principal. Martha was very happy.

Activity 7

Question 1.
Martha is awarded the Scholarship Jacket by the Vice-Chancellor of the University. Prepare a news report of the award ceremony.
Answer:
Texas, March 3: The Texas Rural School Scholarship Jacket is awarded to Martha Stevenson, who has been scoring top grades in all the 8 years of her study there. Presenting the Scholarship Jacket, Dr. Bill Mason, Vice-Chancellor of the University of Texas, said that Martha should be made a role model by all the students. Although coming from a poor family, Martha has been able to maintain top grades throughout her study in the school. He wished her to continue to work hard so that she can reach greater heights in life.

The Board had decided to charge a fee of 15 dollars for the scholarship jacket. But the principal made an exception in the case of Martha, considering her merit throughout her stay in the school.
When asked what her future plan was, Martha said she would study Law as she wanted to become a solicitor.

Let’s Learn More About Words

Activity 1.

Some words from the story are given in Column A. Match the words in Column A with their appropriate meaning in Column B.

Answer:

Activity 2

Write the word that best completes each sentence. You may use the words given in Column A of Activity 1.

1. …………. people are usually good athletes.
2. Martha tried not to …………. over the bad news.
3. ‘What a ………….! I wasn’t expecting to see you here, the principal said to Martha.
4. She could not help but ………….
5. Mr. Schmidt was not ready to …………. the records to hide the truth.
6. The thought that she may lose the Jacket was the reason for her ………….
7. The …………. comments of Mr. Boone made her upset.
8. She couldn’t …………. enough courage to ask
Answers:
1. Agile
2. dismay
3. coincidence
4. eavesdrop
5. falsify
6. despair
7. vile
8. muster

Activity 3

Look at the examples given below and try to find out the meanings of the words highlighted from the contextual clues given in the sentences.
1. Manu is a polyglot. He knows several languages.
2. The hurricane began as an amorphous mass – a shapeless group of clouds.
3. When I disparaged him, he put me down in the same way.
4. She was not simply happy to receive the gift; she was euphoric.
5. The sleep clinic treats somnambulists, people who walk in their sleep.
Answers:
1. one who knows many languages.
2. without any clear shape or form
3. regard as worthless
4. extremely happy.
5. people who walk in their sleep

Activity 4

Read the notes on page 123 Given below are sentences which contain idiomatic expressions. Read the sentences and write the meaning of the idioms.
Read the following sentences from the story.
(i) The principal muttered something I couldn’t understand under his breath and walked over to the window.
(ii) His face looked as happy and innocent as a baby’s, but I knew better.

Here the idiom ‘knew better’ means to be wise enough to recognize something as wrong or not possible.

1. We can argue on the issue till the cows come home ………….
2. Oh! It is raining cats and dogs ………….
3. Radhika was tickled pink by the good news ………….
4. This dress costs an arm and a leg ………….
5. We all are in the same boat ………….
6. I’ll clean the toilet when pigs fly ………….
Answers:
1. for a long time.
2. raining very heavily.
3. very delighted.
4. a lot of money.
5. the same difficult situation
6. never.

The Scholarship Jacket About Author

Marta Salinas was born in 1949. She is a native of Coalinga, California. She graduated in creative writing from the University of California. She has published several short stories.

The Scholarship Jacket Summary in English

P. 113
1. I attended a small Texas school. It had a tradition. Every year during the 8th grade passing out function a beautiful gold and green jacket was awarded to the student who had maintained the highest grades for 8 years. The jacket had a big gold ‘S’ on the left front side and your name written in gold letters on the pocket.

2. My eldest sister Rosie had won the jacket a few years back. I also expected it. I was 14 and in the 8th grade. I had been an ‘A’ student from the first grade. My father was a farm labourer. He could hardly earn enough to feed his 8 children. So when I was six, I was given to my grandparents to be looked after.

p. 114
3. We could not participate in sports at school as there were registration fees, uniform fees and trips out of town. So we would never have a school sports jacket in our home. The scholarship jacket was our only chance.

In May, close to the passing out day, spring fever struck as usual. No one paid any attention in class. We stared out of the window and at one another. We wanted to finish the classes. I was unhappy whenever I looked in the mirror. I was pencil thin. Not a curve anywhere. I was called ‘beanpole’ and ‘string bean’. I knew I looked like that. I was thinking like this when I walked from the history class to the gym. Another hour of sweating in basket ball, and showing my toothpick leg. I remembered that my PE shorts were in a bag under my desk where I had forgotten them. I had to walk all the way back to get them. Coach Thomson was strict with the PE shorts. She had said that I was a good forward. She even tried to persuade Grandma to let me join the team. Grandma refused.

5. I was almost back at the classroom when I heard angry voices. I stopped. I did not know what to do. I needed those shoes. I was getting late. But I did not want to interrupt an argument between my teachers. The voices I recognized: Mr. Schmidt, my history teacher and Mr. Boone, my maths teacher. They were arguing about me. I could not believe it. I stood flat against the wall as if I were trying to blend with the graffiti.

Theard Mr. Schmidt. He sounded very angry: “I refuse to do it! I don’t care who her father is. Her grades don’t even begin to compare to Martha’s. I won’t lie or falsify records. Martha has a straight A-plus average and you know it.” Mr. Boone’s voice was calm and quiet. “Look, Joanne’s father is on the Board. He owns the only store in town. We could say it was a close tie and …”

p. 115
6. I could not hear the rest of what he said clearly. But I could hear some words here and there. “Martha is Mexican …. resign … won’t do it…” Mr. Schmidt rushed down the opposite way and went into the auditorium. He did not see me.

I was shaking. I waited a few minutes and ran into the room and collected my bag. Mr Boone saw me, but did not say anything. To this day I don’t remember how I got through the PE. I went home very sad. I cried into the pillow so that Grandmother would not hear me.

7. It was a cruel coincidence that I heard that conversation. When the Principal called me to his office the next day, I knew what it was for. He looked unhappy and uncomfortable. I looked him straight in the eyes. He looked away and pretended to be looking at some papers.

He told me that there was a change in the policy regarding the scholarship jacket. It used to be free. But this year the Board has decided to charge 15 dollars which will not even cover the cost of the jacket.

8. I stared at him in shock. A sound of surprise came from my throat. He still avoided looking in my eyes. “He said that if I could not pay 15 dollars, it would be given to the next one in line. I knew who it was.

9. I told him that I would speak to my grandfather and let him know the next day. I cried as I was returning home from the bus stop. By the time I got home my eyes were red and puffy.

p. 116
I asked Grandmother where Grandpa was. He was working in the bean, field at the back of the house.

10. I met him there. He was walking between the rows of plants with a hoe in his hand. I went to him thinking how I could present my demand. There was a cool breeze and sweet smell of mesquite fruit in the air. I wanted that jacket so much. It represented 8 years of hard work and expectation. I knew I had to be honest with Grandpa. He saw my shadow and looked up.

11. I cleared my throat. I held my hands behind my back so that he would not see them shaking. I told him that I wanted to get a big favour from him. I spoke in Spanish. He knew only Spanish.

12. I explained to him that this year the scholarship jacket was not free. It would cost 15 dollars. If I didn’t pay the money tomorrow it would be given to somebody else. Grandpa looked up and leaned his chin on the hoe handle. He looked at the field and finally asked, “What does a scholarship jacket mean?”

13. I answered quickly: “It means you’ve earned it by having the highest grades for 8 years and that’s why they are giving it to you.” I realized the significance of the words too late. Grandpa said nothing and went back to weeding the field. Finally he spoke as I turned to leave, crying.

p. 111
“If you pay for it, Martha, it is not a scholarship jacket, is it? Tell your principal that I will not pay the 15 dollars.”

I walked back and locked myself in the bathroom for a long time. I was angry with Grandpa although knew he was right. I was angry with the Board. Why did they change the rule when it was my turn to get the jacket?

Those were days of belief and innocence. The next day I went to the Principal’s office very sad. This time he looked me in the eyes. When he asked what my grandfather said, I told him he would not pay the 15 dollars.

15. The Principal muttered something. He walked to the window and looked outside. He looked bigger than usual. He was a tall, thin and bony man with gray hair. Finally he asked, “Why won’t your grandfather pay? He.has a two-hundred acre ranch.”

16. I looked at him forcing my eyes to stay dry. Then I told him the reason grandfather gave for not paying. I stood up to leave. I told him: “I think you’ll have to give it to Joann.” It had just slipped out of my mouth. I was near the door when he called me, “Martha, wait.”

p. 118
17. I tumed and looked at him, waiting. What did he want now? My heart was pounding and something bitter tasting was in my mouth. I thought I would vomit. I did not want any sympathy speeches. He sighed loudly and went back to his desk. Then he told me that they would make an exception and give me the jacket.

18. I could hardly believe my ears. I thanked him. I felt great. I did not know about adrenalin then but I knew something was pumping inside me. I wanted to yell, jump, run, do something. I ran out so I could cry in the hall where nobody would see me. At the end of the day, Mr. Schmidt winked at me and said that he heard that I was getting the jacket.

19. His face looked happy. I gave him a quick hug and ran to the bus. I cried on the walk home again. This time I cried as I was happy. I ran into the field to tell Grandpa. I started pulling weeds. Grandpa worked alongside me for a few minutes. He did not ask what had happened. After collecting a pile of weeds I faced him. Then I told him what happened.

20. Grandpa said nothing. He gave me a pat on my shoulder and a smile. He wiped his sweat with the crumpled red handkerchief he always carried in his back pocket. He asked me to see if Grandma wanted any help with supper.

Iran back to the house whistling some silly tune.

The Scholarship Jacket Summary in Malayalam

The Scholarship Jacket Meanings of Words And Phases

You can Download The Jungle Air Crash Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard English Solutions Unit 4 Chapter 1 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard English Solutions Unit 4 Chapter 1 The Jungle Air Crash (Narrative)

Std 9 English Textbook The Jungle Air Crash Questions and Answers

The Jungle Air Crash Question Answer Question 1. (Page 116)
Have you ever been inspired or motivated by someone in your life?
Answer:
Yes, I have seen inspired.

Jungle Air Crash Questions And Answers Question 2.
What/who has inspired you in your life?
Answer:
My father/mother/teacher/friend/M.T Vasudevan Nair/Sachin Tendulkar/Gandhiji/etc. You can also get inspiration from a desire to be the best you can be.

Question 3.
What is the role of inspiration in shaping your personality?
The Jungle Air Crash Question Answer:
Inspiration helps us to remain motivated even in testing times. It helps us to strive better, to remain determined to ensure success. It ensures that the goals are achieved and the targets are met. But overall, if we can see the positive side of everything, we will be able to live a much richer life than others.

The Jungle Air Crash Question 4.
If you are in challenging situations, what would you do?
Answer:

• I would consider each challenge as a blessing to know more about life.
• I would look for ways to overcome the adverse situation.
• I would realize that I still have options and then assert exactly what I want for myself.
• I would pay greater attention to what is going right for me than what is not.
• With hope, determination, and perseverance, I would try to overcome the disabilities, disasters or accidents.
• I would believe in what Charles Swindoll told, “Life is 10% what happens to you and 90% how you react to it.”
• I would believe that every difficult situation will enrich my life – the life that will be and the life I have right now.

Success is no accident. It is hard work, perseverance, learning, studying, sacrifice and most of all, love of what you are doing – Pele.

The Jungle Air Crash Textual Questions and Answers Pages 117-122 (Read and respond)

Jungle Air Crash Notes Question 1.
Why did the narrator spend a lot of time in the jungle?
Answer:
The narrator spent a lot of time in the jungle as her father, an ecologist, and her mother, an ornithologist, carried out their research in the jungle.

The Jungle Air Crash Std Question 2.
Why was there a holiday mood in the plane?
Answer:
Everybody was reading and chatting and enjoying the fight. So there was a holiday mood on the plane.

The Jungle Air Crash Class Question 3.
What happened after the flight took off? Describe it in your own words
Answer:
Thirty minutes after departure, the plane was over the jungle. Suddenly, it flew into a thunderstorm and it started shaking as if it was a toy. The people were quite afraid and they started to scream and cry. The girl’s mother said that it was all over. There was a violent shaking and the girl found herself outside the plane and falling down.

Question 4.
Why did Juliane’s mother say, “Now it’s all over”?
Answer:
Juliane’s mother said so because she understood the plane was about to crash and they were going to die.

Question 5.
What did the jungle trees look like from above?
Answer:
They looked like cauliflowers.

Question 6.
What might have happened to Juliane?
Answer:
Fell to the ground with the seat into which she was strapped.

The Jungle Air Crash Activities Question 7. Why was Juliane forced to spend the whole night lying under the seat “half-asleep”?
Answer:
Even though a bump on her head and a gash in her foot didn’t give her any pain, she couldn’t muster the energy to move or look round. So she spent the night’ half-asleep’.

Question 8.
Why did she pick up a long stick?
Answer:
Juliane’s parents had taught her that in the jungle, there were poisonous snakes and insects. So she picked up a long stick to probe the ground.

Question 9.
According to the narrator, big animals are less dangerous than small ones in the jungle. Do you agree? Give reasons.
Answer:
Yes, in the jungle we have to be careful about small animals as it is very difficult to spot them. Some of them are venomous too.

The Jungle Air Crash Notes Question 10. Why did she find every step in the jungle difficult?
Jungle Air Crash Questions and Answer:
Overgrown, tangled vines on the bank of the stream and huge, rotted trunks that barred the way made every step in the jungle difficult for Juliane.

Question 11.
Identify the expression that suggests the narrator had a disturbed sleep at night
Answer:
The expression, “I slept fitfully”.

Narration of the Story the Jungle Air Crash Question 12. What did she find ‘senseless’ and why?
Answer:
She found her cries of help ‘senseless’ because it was not easy to spot her from the plane. Moreover, her voice would not reach the rescue team.

Question 13.
How does she describe the ‘jungle’ here?
Answer:
As a ‘battlefield’ on which rot and growth march hand in hand.

The Jungle Air Crash Class 9 Question 14. When did she risk swimming in the river?
Answer:
Whenever she had a good view of things ahead, she risked swimming.

Question 15.
When did she feel that she could escape from the jungle?
Answer:
She saw a boat moored on the river bank. And then there was a path leading to a small hut. Then she felt that she could escape from the jungle.

The Jungle Air Crash Std 9 Question 16. ‘The screaming of monkeys and the screeching of parakeets’ disappointed her. Why?
Answer:
She was listening for human voices. But what she could hear was the screaming of monkeys and the screeching of parakeets. So she was disappointed.

Question 17.
Comment on the attitude of the narrator when she says, “But I didn’t want to take the boat which belonged to someone else.”
Answer:
She was quite honest.

Question 18.
Why did the men let out an exclamation on seeing her?
Answer:
The men let out an exclamation on seeing her as they never expected to see a survivor.

Question 19.
How did the men help her?
Answer:
The men washed her with saltwater and put salve on her wounds. They also made fruit mash for her.

Question 20.
What was the bad news that she heard after her escape?
Answer:
The death of her mother.

Let’s revisit and reflect (Page 123)

Question 1.
“I have always enjoyed flying,” says the narrator. Would you like to fly? Give reasons.
Answer:

• Yes, I would love to fly.
• When I fly I feel like a bird.
• IfeelTikeontopoftheworld.
• It gives me an opportunity to connect with the clouds and the sky and disconnect from the earth, its noise, and pollution.
• Flying is fun because it takes me to new places.  Flying gives me a chance to imagine and make new stories.
• Flying gives me a chance to experience the full beauty of the Earth.
• To experience the moment of thrill when the airplane speeds down the runway and then rises into the air.

Poems on Flying:
To Fly (Dr. Paul E. Garber)

To fly, Dear God in Heaven, to fly,
To see Thy world From Thy vast sky,
To pilot my airplane high and low,
To ride the wind wherever I go.

To climb through dark clouds-then
Suddenly a burst of light and the sun I see,
Climbing higher and look below
And see that clouds are white as snow.
I know that the world is way down there
But I’m above all worldly care,
Onward I fly, alone, serene,
Immersed in a wonderful, beautiful scene.

But then, also, I must go down again,
To earth’s grey shadows, to mankind domain,
But my heart is enriched, my soul lifted high,
Because- for a while -I was up in thy sky.

Question 2.
One should always look for streams in the jungle. Why?
Answer:
Rivers are the roads in the jungles. That is why one should always look for streams and then follow them to larger streams when you are lost in a jungle.

Question 3.
What might have saved Juliane’s life?
Answer:
There could have been many reasons that saved her life.

• Her fall was cushioned by an enormous upward current of air in the storm.
• She was strapped to her seat when she fell down and that might have acted as a cushion.
• She fell onto a soft, marshy land.
• The trees might have helped to reduce the speed of her fall.

The Jungle Air Crash Additional questions

A) Read the passage given below and the answer the question that follows:
“In clear weather.. falling (page 117 -118)

Question 1.
How does she describe the flight from Lima to Pucallpa in clear weather?
Answer:
As the most beautiful in the world.

Question 2.
What happened to the plane, 30 minutes after departure.
Answer:
The plane flew into a thunderstorm.

Question 3.
Describe the effect of thunderstorm on the plane.
Answer:
The plane began to shake. Objects fell on the heads of the passengers. People started to scream and cry.

Question 4.
How did Juliane’s mother react to this?
Answer:
She said quite calmy: “Now it’s all over”.

Question 5.
What did Juliane’s realize after the violent shaking?
Answer:
She found herself outside the plane and she was falling down.

Question 6.
Pick out a phrasal verb from the passage which means ‘depart’.
Answer:
The phrasal verb ‘take off.

B) Read the excerpt from the narrative ‘ The Jungle Air Crash’ and answer the questions that follow.
“It was still light in shock.” (Page 118)

Question 1.
Who/what woke the narrator up?
Answer:
The rain

Jungle Air Question 2. Where was she lying when she woke up?
Answer:
She was lying under of section of three seats turned upside down.

Question 3.
How did she spend the whole night?
Answer:
She spent the whole night lying under the seat half-asleep, in shock.

Question 4.
Identify two words related to injury from the passage.
Answer:
Bump and gash

Question 5.
Find out the word from the passage which means ‘to find as much support and courage’.
Answer:
Muster

C) Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow.
“On the third-day stream.” (Page 119)

Question 1.
What did the presence of vultures indicate to Juliane.
Answer:
The presence of vultures indicated the presence of dead bodies.

Question 2.
Identify the expression that suggests Juliane was probably the lone survivor of the crash.
Answer:
The expression ‘But I could find no survivors’.

Question 3.
What gave her some signs of hope?
Answer:
The noise of aircraft engines.

Question 4.
Was she discouraged when the aircraft didn’t spot her? Why?
Answer;
No, she wasn’t disheartened. Because she was able to move, wasn’t hungry and could drink from the clear stream.

Question 5.
Cite one word for ‘ the main body of winged aerospace vehicle’ from the extract.
Answer:
Fuselage

D) Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow.
“ Amazingly, I wasn’t if I ever survive” (Page 120)

Question 1.
Why did Juliane resist the delicious looking fruit?
Answer:
Juliane resisted the delicious-looking fruit because in the jungle, many things that look beautiful and tempting are poisonous.

Question 2.
According to Juliane, how do the living beings survive in the jungle?
Answer:
According to Juliane, in jungle, all the plants compete, steal sunlight from each other, choke each other and then hungrily consume the cadavers of their victims in order to live.

Question 3.
What were eating her alive?
Answer:
The maggots.

Question 4.
What might happen to her if the attack of maggots continues?
Answer:
The attack might lead to the amputation of her limbs.

Question 5.
Find out the word from the passage which means ‘dead body’.
Answer:
Cadaver

E) Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
“Early next morning inflammation. (Page 122)

Question 1.
It would have been difficult for Juliane to survive, if the men had not found her. How did Juliane understand that?
Asnwer:
When the men took her downriver, she understood that the river became faster, swifter and more dangerous. When she looked at the shore, she understood that the path she had to walk became impassable.

Question 2.
Where did they reach?
Answer:
The jungle settlement of Toumavista.

Question 3.
How did the people of the settlement react when they saw Juliane?
Answer:
People came running and shouting and stared at her.

Question 4.
Why did she look like a ‘ Living nightmare’?
Answer:
Her eyes were so bloodshot they looked entirely red. Her face was disfigured and swollen out of shape from insect bites. Her arms and legs were pocked with worm lesions.

Question 5.
What, in Tournavista, saved her life?
Answer:
A small dispensary where she was washed and her wounds treated.

Question 6.
Look at the sentence given below.
……….. it had a small dispensary where I washed and wounds treated.
The word ‘where’ is a relative pronoun here.

Fill up the blanks and complete the passage
a) The dispensary had a doctor (a)…….. took special care of me. I was in a very serious condition and that was the reason (b) ……… he took special care of me. Next day morning at 9 am (c) ……….. I was discharged from the hospital, I went to the doctor’s room. I gave him a gift (d) ………. he said was a precious one for him.
Answer:
a) who
b) why
c) when
d) which

The Jungle Air Crash Activities

Activity -1 (page 123)

a) Juliane followed certain measures to save herself when she was alone in the jungle. List the measures and state the reasons.

Answer:

Activity – 2 (Page 124)

a) We saw how Juliane survived a plane crash. Like plane crashes, accidents happen on roads and precious lives are lost every day. What steps should we take to prevent accidents on roads?
Answer:

b) Webinar:
According to Marriam-Webster dictionary, webinar is a live online educational presentation during which participating viewers can submit questions or comments. Short for web-based seminar, a webinar is a presentation, lecture, workshop, or seminar that is transmitted over the web using the video conferencing software. You may visit http:/www. gotomeeting.com in order to get information regarding webinars and how they are conducted.

1) Webinar/seminar on the topic The need to make our roads safe zones’.
Good morning everyone. I am (write your name here) and I am here to present a paper on the topic “The need to make our roads safe zones”. Right to life and security is envisaged in almost every constitution across the world. But our roads have become places where life is not guaranteed. The news that more than 3,00,000 precious lives are lost in road accidents and three to five times the number get maimed for life is a matter of serious concern.

About 70% of the accidents happen in African and Asian countries. In India, which is one of the largest vehicle manufactures in the world, the figures available show 1 road accident every minute and 1 road accident death in every four minutes. Road traffic injuries are one of the leading causes of deaths, disabilities and hospitalizations, with severe socioeconomic costs in India.

Road safety is an issue of national concern, considering its magnitude and gravity and the consequent negative impacts on the economy, public health and general welfare of the people. In short, the need of the hour is to ‘make our roads safe zones’. Therefore, the united nations has rightly announced 2011-20 as the decade of action on road safety. It has called upon all member countries to prepare a master plan so that the present rising trend of road accidents stabilizes and is reversed by the year 2020.

Learning traffic rules and having proper road sense from early childhood onwards are vital for road safety. There are some things which we should do and shouldn’t do to avoid accidents and fatalities on roads.

We should:

• Always keep left on the roads when we drive.
• Wear safety gears like seat belts and helmets.
• Keep a safe distance from moving vehicles.
• drive slowly when the weather is bad.
• check the tires, brakes, and wipers frequently.
• use proper indicators while switching lanes or overtaking.
• walk on the right side facing traffic, if there is no pedestrian path.
• Use zebra crossing to cross the road.
• Keep both hands on the handle while riding bikes or bicycles.

We shouldn’t:

• use mobile phones while driving.
• drink and drive
• show our rage on roads
• jump into a moving vehicle
• distract ourselves by adjusting mirrors/stereo/ radio while driving.
• be distracted by banners and billboards.

The main thrust of accident prevents and control across the world has been on 4 Es.

1. Education
2. Enforcement
3. Engineering
4. Environment and Emergency care of road accident victims.

Government should focus on all these four approaches in its policies and programs. It should also undertake publicity campaign on road safety awareness, widen the roads and fill the potholes on roads. The government should formulate an integrated form of road safety education. The preschool children may be introduced the elementary concepts of road safety through stories involving the animal world. The primary school children should be given practice on the use of sidewalks and road crossing techniques whereas the middle school students should be trained on road signs and bicycle riding. Road symbolizes expectations.

Both at the starting point and at the endpoint, there is somebody waiting – be it our parents, friends, sister, brother, wife, husband, partners, etc, with expectations. Sadly, roads have now become warzones, burying the expectations and inflicting casualties. It is high time that we counseled the people, especially youngsters that road rage, road race, reckless and drunken driving will only spell doom for themselves. And a bit of care may help them to fulfill the expectations. It is said that drops of water make a mighty ocean. If each one of us obeys traffic rules properly, our roads will become safe havens for journey, however, congested they may be. Let us live and dream and let others also do the same.

Activity – 3 (Page 124)

One of the factors that helped Juliane survive the crash was her ability to swim.
Look at the picture from a flood-affected area in Kerala

While Kerala was facing the flood disaster, the fishermen proved to be real heroes rescuing many lives.

a) List the various factors that helped the fishermen to become the saviors of flood victims.
1. Ability to ride boats
2. Swimming skill
3. ………………
4. ……………..
Answer:
3. Rescue skills
4. Knowledge about the terrain (area)

b) The empathetic attitude of the fishermen saved many lives.
Prepare a write up on the topic ‘Kerala Disaster Relief – Rise of the sons of the sea as superheroes in the ocean of humanity.’
Answer:
Kerala Disaster Relief – Rise of the Sons of the Sea as Superheroes in the Ocean of Humanity 15 August 2018. People were waiting to celebrate the 71^st Independence Day Anniversary. But many parts of Kerala were very badly flooded. It rained and rained and the level of water went on increasing. Each day people thought the rains would stop and things would be normal. But their expectations proved wrong.

As the water covered the floor of the house people went to the roof of the house or to the higher floors. Communications were cut, electricity was off, no food to eat and no drinking water was available. Kerala was experiencing the worst floods after 94 years. The July 1924 flood was also disastrous. Relief camps were opened and people went to them. The State and Central Governments sent rescue teams to save the people stranded in their homes. But the firemen and soldiers were not able to do much as they did not know where to go and how to get to the stranded people.

It was then the Sons of the Sea volunteered to help. They took their fishing boats and went to places where people were stranded and with great courage and determination they rescued the people. The picture of a fisherman bending down so that the women could use his back as a step to get into the boat showed the kind of sacrifice they were willing to make. Except for the efforts of these superheroes, many would have been dead.

c) During a natural disaster like flood, we should act intelligently to minimize damage to life and property. Hence, it is better to think of what to do and what not to do beforehand, so that we won’t panic during such disasters.
Write Do or Don’t against the statements given below

Answer:
1. Do
2. Don’t
3. Don’t
4. Do
5. Do
6. Don’t

d) Discuss in the class the other Do’s and Dont’s we need to follow during a calamity.
Answer:
There are many Dos and Donts we need to follow during a calamity. In a calamity, the first preference is for the life of people. In a calamity, we should not panic. We should keep our heads cool and think of the ways of saving our lives first, and then our documents and other essential things. If your clothes catch fire, don’t run. Fall to the round and roll. This will extinguish the flames. If you run, the fire will burn more strongly.

If there is a gas leak in the house, leave all the windows and doors wide open for the gas to go out. Never light a match or put on a switch in a room filled with gas. If the house is on fire, run out and seek help. Whenever possible give first aid to the victim and then rush him to a hospital. In a calamity, never lose your head, but act wisely.

e) National Disaster Management Authority is conducting a ‘webinar’ on the topic “How to Stay Safe from Natural Disasters’’ Based on the points listed, prepare a paper for the webinar. (A webinar is a seminar conducted on the internet. – An online seminar)
Answer:
In the Flood Situation

1. Obey orders by government and shift to a safer place.
2. Be at a safe place and try to collect correct information.
3. Switch off the electrical supply and don’t touch open wires.
4. Don’t get carried away by rumors and don’t spread rumors.

DO’s:

1. Switch off electrical and gas appliances and turn off the mains.
2. Carry your emergency kit and let your friends and family know where you are going.
3. Avoid contact with floodwater as it may be contaminated.
4. If you have to walk in standing water, use a pole or stick to ensure that you do not step into deep water, open manholes or ditches.
5. Stay away from power lines. Electrical current can travel through water. Report power lines that are down to the power company.
6. Look before you step into your house after a flood. The ground and floors are covered with debris, which may include broken bottles, sharp objects, nails, etc. Floors and stairs covered with mud and debris can be slippery.
7. Listen to the radio or television for updates and information.

Don’ts

1. Don’t walk through flowing water – currents can be deceptive. Fast-moving water can knock you off your feet.
2. Don’t swim through fast flowing water – you may get swept away or struck by an object in the water.
3. Don’t drive through a flooded area.
4. Don’t eat any food that has come into contact with floodwater.
5. Don’t reconnect your power supply until a qualified engineer has checked it. Be alert for gas leaks – do not smoke or use candles, lanterns, or open flames.
6. Never use TVs, VCRs, CRT terminals or other electrical equipment while standing on wet floors, especially concrete.

Activity – 4 (Page 126)

Question 1.
What is a news report?
a) Let’s read the news report of Juliane’s survival that appeared in one of the prominent newspapers.
b)

c) Fishermen who rescued the lives of thousands of flood victims were honored by the Government of Kerala for their self-less brave deeds. You were one of the news reporters present at the event. Prepare a news report highlighting the service of the fishermen.
Answer:
Many people died in the August 2018 floods that ravaged Kerala. Hundreds more would have died if the fishermen of Kerala had not rescued them. On 17 August, 132 fishermen with 22 boats left the coast of Marianad after they were requested to help by the offices of Chief Minister and the District Collector. When the news came of the rising water levels in Chengannur area, many fishermen decided not to go to the sea to catch fish. Instead, they headed towards Chengannur to help the flood victims. The fishermen were fully engaged in the rescue operations and they did their very best to save the lives of people. Fishermen in other flooded areas also did the same.

They even spent their own money for the rescue operations and never waited for any help to repair or refuel their boats. As a sign of showing gratitude for their selfless service, they were felicitated by the Chief Minister. Each of them was given a Ponnada in appreciation of their selfless service to the flood victims. These fishermen risked their lives to save the lives of others. We have to learn a lot from their selfless service. The Chief Minister praised them as the real heroes of Kerala who would be remembered gratefully not only by the people who were rescued by them but by the entire people of Kerala.

Remember:
Sometimes in news reports, in addition to the ‘dateline’, a ‘placeline’ will also be used.

You can Download The Happiness Machine Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard English Solutions Unit 5 Chapter 1 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard English Solutions Unit 4 Chapter 1 The Happiness Machine (Story)

Std 9 English Textbook The Happiness Machine Questions and Answers

The Happiness Machine Lesson Plan Question 1. What according to Huffman is the novel invention?
Answer:
The novel invention is “The Happiness Machine”.

Question 2.
What was the perplexing question forming in his mind?
Answer:
The perplexing question forming in his mind was “Should the machine be something you carry in your pocket or something that carries you in its pocket?”

Happiness Machine Notes Question 3. Leo Huffman was carrying a dictionary when he went to talk to his wife. What is his intention behind it?
Answer:
His intention is to get the right words for feelings associated with happiness.

The Happiness Machine Characters Question 4. “Do you think whether I am happy by doing all these household works?” What did Lena mean by that? Do you think she is really happy?
Answer:
She means she is not happy doing all those household works. No, she is not really happy.

Question 5.
What made Lena freeze? What led to such a mishap?
Answer:
Lena froze because she caught the burning smell from the kitchen. Her husband’s talk with her led to the mishap as her attention was diverted by the talk.

The Happiness Machine Story Question 6. Pick out the expressions which suggest Leo Huffman worked hard.
Answer:
Clings, clangs, rings, beeps; sounds of toil echoed rhythmically from the garage. Those days were without food, rest and sleep.

Question 7.
How did Lena respond when she heard that the Happiness Machine was ready?
Answer:
She said that Leo had become thinner and their children had lacked his care. She said that man could not make such changes and he should stop working on such a
machine.

Question 8.
The garage grabbed the attention of even the birds and dogs. Why were they attracted to it?
Answer:
They were attracted to it because the Happiness Machine produced sounds with all kinds of humming in varied frequencies.

Question 9.
What made Lena think that the machine was worthless? How should the happiness machine be according to Lena?
Answer:
Lena thought the machine worthless because if Leo died of overwork, she would be left alone with all the tedious household tasks. According to her, a happiness
machine should make old men young and her happy. It should be able to get all things done for the house, the kitchen and the children.

Question 10.
Who was the first to test the machine? What was the effect of it?
Answer:
Saul, Leo’s son, was the first to test the machine.
He went inside the machine but the machine became terribly hot. The Machine could not make him happy.

Question 11.
Why was Lena ready to try the machine?
Answer:
Lena was ready to try the machine because she wanted to spare her children from being tested in the machine. She did not want them to get nightmares.

Question 12.
How did the machine behave when the button was pressed?
Answer:
When the button was pressed, the machine shivered and growled like a wild dog. The machine continued to make strange sounds.

Question 13.
“Blue Danube”
Answer:
Stands for the Danube River.

Question 14.
“Only she thinks she is dancing!” What did Leo Huffman mean by this?
Answer:
He meant that he too was dancing because of the success of the machine.

Question 15.
How did Paris make Lena sad?
Answer:
The sight of Paris made her realize that she and Leo had not danced for 20 years.

Question 16.
What all things did the machine do to make Lena happy?
Answer:
Apart from showing her Paris, Rome and the . Pyramids of Egypt, the machine-made the sunset last forever. The air was fragrant and the temperature fine.

Question 17.
Why could not Lena enjoy the sunset which lasted long?
Answer:
Lena could not enjoy the sunset which lasted long because she always likes sunset when it comes and goes. Moreover she could not go on watching the sunset when her children were waiting for food, dishes were to be washed and beds made.

Question 18.
In the words of Lena what was the mistake Leo Huffman made in the making of the Happiness Machine?
Answer:
Leo Huffman made the mistake of making quick things slow and far away things close. People like quick things for they are quick and far away things as they are not easily reachable.

Question 19.
How could Leo Huffman escape from the burning machine?
Answer:
The boys dragged him out from the machine when someone broke the door open.

Question 20.
What changed the house into total disarray?
Answer:
The burning Happiness Machine and the commotion it caused changed the house into total disarray.

Question 21.
Did Leo Huffman realize his mistake in his attempt to make others happy with a machine?
Answer:
Yes, he did. It was made more than a thousand years ago and it is still there even though not good all the time. It runs on and on.

Question 22.
According to Leo Huffman, what is the real Happiness Machine? What made him realize that?
Answer:
According to Leo Huffman, the real Happiness Machine is a well-knit Home, where all the family members work and enjoy together carrying out their various responsibilities and doing the things they like most. He realized that when he looked through the window and saw the various things going on around him. He saw the ripples outside, his children playing games or making dresses for the doll or painting. Lena was cooking. Someone was singing melodiously. There was the aroma of the baking bread and the tempting butter. All this made real happiness.

Let’s Revisit and Reflect

Let’s quote what Mr. Leo Auffman and Lena Huffman said about the machine. The following quotes of Leo Huffman suggest that he is very confident about the machine which creates happy situations. Now pick out the comments of Lena Huffman about the machine.

a) Could the machine make old men young or make me happy?
Answer:
lam trying to get away to solve all your complaints.

b) Can the machine get all things done for the house, the kitchen and the children?
Answer:
That’s not how it’s built!

c) OK. You test your damn thing with me and spare my children. Don’t give them nightmares.
Answer:
Press the button and you will see!

d) Oh! Ah! look at that! Paris! Rome! The Pyramids! Perfume!
Answer:
She only thinks she is dancing!

e) Music! lam dancing.
Answer:
I still do not understand what’s wrong with the machine. Amazing!

Now we have gone through the different perspectives of Leo and Lena Huffman towards happiness. Let’s discuss to what extent the story supports or refutes the following statements.
Answer:
Real happiness comes from our relationships rather than from material things. Machines and devices do make our life easy, but they will not bring real happiness. A family may have a large, fully air-conditioned mansion, fine furniture, all kinds of electrical and electronic gadgets in the house, the latest Benz car, and an excellent garden.

But if the parents and children go on quarreling, arguing and getting angry with one another, where is happiness there? Happiness can’t be bought with money. In a home where the parents and the children work hard at their respective duties and carry out their responsibilities, encourage, love and make little sacrifices for one another, there will be real happiness. A house is built of stones, bricks, steel, and wood and you may pack it with all sorts of luxurious things, but it does not become a home unless love reigns there.

Activity -1

a) Given below is the storyboard of the film ‘The Happiness Machine’. Study the pictures carefully and write the appropriate events from the story in the space provided. One has been done for you.
Answer:
1. Leo Huffman is with his wife. Wife is ironing the clothes. He asks his wife whether she is happy or not.

2. Lena is busy in the kitchen preparing food for the family. Nobody is helping her. She looks tired and bored, and even slightly angry.

3. Leo is busy in the garage working on his Happiness Machine, It is almost finished. It is a huge one and looks taller than him.

4. Leo sees his son Saul crying in his bed at late night. He asks Saul if he had a nightmare. He finds that the garage door is open. On checking, he finds the Happiness Machine is hot. Saul had gone inside the machine.

5. Lena is inside the machine. Leon is instructing her how to operate the machine. He looks very happy and confident. So is one of his sons standing beside him.

6. The Happiness Machine is on fire. The firemen are trying to put out the flames. Leo is angry and surprised as he tries to keep away from the flames.

b) Now select any scene from the given storyboard and complete the worksheet. Sample is given



Answer:
Title of the Scene: Lena inside the Happiness Machine (Inside the garage)
Key Ideas: Showing the sights, sounds and smells inside the happiness machine.
Appearance/Features of the characters: Lena (middle-aged, happy-looking) inside the Machine. Leo (middle-aged, confident-looking) outside the machine. Saul, the son of Lena and Leo, stands by Leo, looking worried.
Setting and Background Information: Leo has made the Happiness Machine. He wants to test it. Lena volunteers to go inside the machine to spare the children of any nightmare of being tested. The children gathered round the 8-foot tall, orange-colored machine.
Plot (Problems and Solutions) : Leo spends all his time perfecting his Happiness Machine. Lena is unhappy as she has to clean the dishes, cook the meals and iron the clothes by herself. Leo also does not spend time with his children. Finally, the machine is ready. Lena volunteers to go inside the machine to spare the children of any nightmare of being tested. She thinks Leo has wasted his time making this machine. ,
Props you may need A large washing-machine-like box with the front door with see-through glass.
Likely Conversation :
Naomi: Is Mama alright, Papa?
Leo : All right! She is fine! Listen!
Lena (from inside) the machine: Oh, Ah, Look at that! Paris! Rome! The Pyramids! Perfume! The Blue Danube! Music! I’m dancing!
Leo : Only she thinks she is dancing.
Lena : Amazing!
Naomi: She is crying!
Leo: She can’t be!
Saul : She is like a baby. (Leo opens the door of the machine.)
Lena : Please Lee! Let me finish!

c) Watch the film, and complete the checklist.

d) Given below is the dialogue of the characters from a particular scene of the film ‘ The Happiness Machine ‘. Scan the QR code to see the particular scene. Watch the scene carefully and complete the dialogue.
Leo : Why am I in bed so late?
Lena : Stay there or I will give you such a hit.
Leo: What’s this?
Lena : ………………………
Leo:………………………
Answer:
Leo : Why am I in bed so late?
Lena : Stay there or give you such a hit.
Leo : What’s this?
Lena : It used to be breakfast; then it could have been lunch; now it’s dog’s dinner.
Leo : What is that? It can’t be. Where is the Happiness Machine?
Lena : You haven’t spoken to the children for 2 weeks. You haven’t spoken to me for months. You lost 10 pounds and I lost 15. Leave off that machine. You will never find a cook big enough to go into it.

e) Let’s now draft a subtitle for this scene.
Answer:
Subtitle : Breakfast for dinner
Subtitle is the caption or translation shown at the bottom of a film or television screen.

Activity – 2

Words for the blank spaces: Love, optimism, sacrifices

How can we be happy?
Answer:

Happiness is a state of mind. It is not something that can be bought with money or can be got through material things alone. Machines and gadgets will certainly add to our happiness, but the basic ingredients are love, optimism, ambition, friends, kindness, and sacrifices. Love is the primary ingredient.

A house is made of bricks, stones, steel, and wood, but a home is made of, mainly, love. If there is no love, even the members of the family become an unruly crowd where selfishness dominates. Optimism helps us to overcome our worries. Ambition enables us to achieve greater things. Friends make our life worth living. Kindness shows that we care for others and sacrifices indicate that we are willing to suffer for others.

Why are Gandhiji, Mother Theresa and Nelson Mandela so loved all over the world?
Answer:
They had all these qualities in abundance.

Activity – 3

a) Leo Auffmann tries to find happiness from a machine. The present generation tries to seek happiness from mobile phones. Now, look at this cartoon strip.
Answer:

b) What idea does this cartoon strip convey?
Answer:
The cartoon strip shows how a man is so immersed in his mobile that he does not even notice that birds come and lay eggs in his cap. The eggs are incubated and hatched there. Small birds fly out and still, the man is busy with his mobile not knowing what has happened in his cap.

c) Based on the discussion on the cartoon, conduct a debate on the topic, ‘Mobile phone – boon or bane.’
Boon (Blessing):

• Easy communication with people all over the world.
• Can watch movies, and other entertainment programs and listen to songs.
• play games
• learn a lot of new things
• get the latest news
• is helpful in emergencies
• take photos
• send quick messages
• access to the internet
• There are things like calculators, spell-checks, etc.

Bane (Curse):

• expensive
• people get addicted to it
• accidents happen as people use mobile while walking or driving
• loss of secrecy as people take photos even without your knowledge
• spread rumors
• vulgar videos from the internet
• chats often lead to unhealthy relations
• people become dependent on it
• misuse it even in the exam halls for malpractices
• people lose their interest in reading, instead, they use the mobile for information

Language activity

a. Leo consoled Lena.
b. Lena was consoled by Leo.
1. Do the above two sentences express the same meaning?
2. What did Leo do?
3. Hence Leo is the doer of the action.

Activity -1

Read the following sentences and identify the doer of the action in each sentence.

1. The oven door was pulled open by Lena. ………………………………….
2. Leo forced Lena to stop her work. ………………………………….
3. Leo was awakened by vague sounds. ………………………………….
4. Leo makes a new machine. ………………………………….
5. The clothes have been ironed by Lena. ………………………………….
6. Naomi was cutting paper doll dress. ………………………………….
Answer:
1. Lena
2. Leo
3. Vague sounds
4. Leo
5. Lena
6. Naomi

When do we begin a sentence with the doer of the action? Tick the correct option
(a) When the doer of the action is emphasized.
(b) When the receiver of the action is emphasized.
Answer:
(a) When the doer of the action is emphasized.

a) Observe the sentence patterns given in column A and column B and complete the missing rows.

Answer:

b) Some events from the lesson The Happiness Machine are given below. Read them

Active and passive voice.
In the given sentences, the doers are emphasised. Now rewrite the sentences giving emphasise to the receiver.
1. Leo completed the work of the happiness machine.
Answer:
The work of the happiness machine was completed.

2. Lena checked the function of the happiness machine.
Answer:
The function of the happiness machine was checked by Lena.

3. Leo did not care for their children.
Answer:
Their children were not cared for by Leo.

4. Lena looked after their children.
Answer:
Their children were looked after by Lena.

5. They could hear a muffled explosion.
Answer:
A muffled explosion could be heard by them.

6. The boys dragged him out.
Answer:
He was dragged out by the boys.

7. They called the fire force.
Answer:
The fire force was called by them.

8. Children were watching the firemen.
Answer:
The firemen were being watched by the children

You can download Tolstoy Farm Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard English Solutions Unit 2 Chapter 3 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard English Solutions Unit 2 Chapter 3 Tolstoy Farm

Std 9 English Textbook Tolstoy Farm Questions and Answers

Tolstoy Farm 9th Class Question 1.
Who were the inmates of the Tolstoy farm?
Answer:
The inmates of the Tolstoy Farm were people of different religions. They were Hindus, Muslims, Parsis, and Christians.

Tolstoy Farm Question 2.
Why couldn’t Gandhiji appoint special teachers for Indian students?
Answer:
He could not appoint special teachers because he could not afford to pay them decent salaries. Moreover, he did not like the existing system of education. He wanted to experiment something new.

Active Maths 2 Solutions Chapter 3 Question 3.
What did Gandhiji regard as the proper foundation for the education of the children?
Answer:
He regarded character building as the proper foundation for the education of the children.

Labour India Class 2 Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
Who assisted Gandhiji in literary training?
Answer:
Mr. Kallenbach and Sjt. Pragji Desai.

Question 5.
What training was given to children of all ages in the farm?
Answer:
The children of all ages in the farm were given moral training.

HSSlive Training 9th Class Question 6.
What were the different types of works in the Tolstoy Farm?
Answer:
The different kinds of work in the Tolstoy Farm were cooking, digging pits, felling timber, lifting loads and gardening.

Teaching in the Tolstoy Farm Summary Question 7.
Why was illness scarce on the farm?
Answer:
Illness was scarce in the Farm because the inmates got good exercise by doing the various jobs there. The jobs included cooking digging pits, felling timber, lifting loads and gardening.

Question 8.
How did Gandhiji introduce vocational training in Tolstoy Farm?
Answer:
He introduced vocational training in the Tolstoy Farm by teaching the inmates how to make shoes and also carpentry

Question 10.
What made learning a cheerful experience for children in the farm?
Answer:
Active participation in the work by the teachers made learning a cheerful experience for the children in the Farm.

Let’s revisit and reflect

Question 1.
In ‘Tolstoy Farm’, there is reference to various skills. Identify them and fill in the bubbles.

Answer:
cooking, shoemaking, carpentry, gardening

Question 2.
You must be familiar with Gandhiji’s concept of education:
‘By Education, I mean an all-round drawing out of the best in the child and man, body, mind and spirit.’
How far is it true with the learning experiences in the Tolstoy Farm? Write your answer in a short paragraph
Answer:
Gandhiji said, “By education, I mean an all-round drawing out of the best in the child and man, body, mind, and spirit.” This is quite true with the learning experiences in the Tolstoy Farm. The priority in the Farm was culture of the heart and the building of character. Moral training was common there. Kallenbach and Sjt. Pragji Desai gave the students literary training. Training of the body was also essential.

There were no servants in the Farm and all the work was to be done by the inmates. Kallenbach was fond of gardening and he had some experience in it. Those who were not busy in the kitchen had to help in the garden. Children happily did the job of digging pits, cutting trees and lifting loads. Some were not happy and tried to avoid work. They were also given training in shoe-making and carpentry. Thus the body, mind and spirit of the inmates were taken care of.

Activity -1

‘…there were no servants on the farm and all the work, from cooking down to scavenging, was done by the inmates’, says Gandhiji.

Poor Adjective Question 1.
What is your opinion about this practice?
Answer:
I think this practice is very good because it will bring dignity of labour. It will show that any work can be done by anybody and there is nothing called ‘high’ or ‘low’ work. It also will make the people healthy as they get plenty of physical exercises.

Haritha Keralam, Organic Farming, Biodiversity Park and Swatch Bharath Drive are some of the programmes in schools. They require the active participation of all students. They also include work that some people may hesitate to do.

Question 2.
Do these programmes promote dignity of labor among children?
Answer:
Yes, they do.

Question 3.
What are your views? Conduct a group discussion and prepare a write-up based on the main points.
Answer:
Haritha Keralam is an Umbrella Mission which includes Waste Management, Organic Farming, and Water Resources Management. It has an ambitious outlook to address the issues of piling waste, impending drought and health hazards due to the consumption of pesticide-treated vegetables and in general, the agricultural dependency of the State. The Haritha Keralam Missiorraimsto integrate the 3 most important and inter-related sectors:

Household-level segregation and safe disposal of organic waste through feasible options like composting, biogas, arrangements for institutional waste disposal, re-use, recycling and safe disposal of non-degradable and electronic waste are given priorities. Rejuvenation of tanks, ponds, streams, and rivers are the focus in the water resource sector.

The thrust in promoting organic agriculture will be to produce safe to eat vegetables and fruits to make the state self-sufficient within the next 5 years.

Biodiversity is a contraction of biological diversity. Biodiversity reflects the number, variety, and variability of living organisms. It includes diversity within species (genetic diversity), between species (species diversity), and between ecosystems (ecosystem diversity).

Swatch Bharat Drive is a nation-wide campaign in India. It aims to clean up the streets, roads, and infrastructure of India’s cities, towns, and rural areas. The objectives of Swatch Bharat include eliminating open,n defecation through the construction of household-owned and community-owned toilets and establishing an accountable mechanism of monitoring toilet use.

Run by the Government of India, the mission aims to achieve an “open-defecation free” India by 2 October 2019, the 150th anniversary of the birth of Mahatma Gandhi, by constructing 90 million toilets in rural India. The mission has two thrusts: Swatch Bharat Abhiyan (‘rural’), which operates under the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation; and Swatch Bharat Abhiyan (‘urban’), which operates under the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.

Activity 2

Gandhiji says, ‘It was my intention to teach every one of the youngsters some useful manual vocation.’
List out the vocational skills mentioned in the text and complete the following:

Answer:

Everyone can benefit out of this type of vocational education as it provides an opportunity to learn a skill or trade. Discuss. Everyone can benefit out of this type of vocational education as it provides an opportunity to learn a skill or trade. It helps one to earn a living. It helps one to have self-employment. One does not have to go from one place to another looking for a job. In self-employment, you become your own master. You can also work when it is convenient to you as the working hours are not fixed. Learning trades bring in self-sufficiency.

A child learning such vocational skills will be able to do various electrical, carpentry and plumbing repairs himself. It not only bring you monetary profit but also satisfaction. Vocational education is essential for a country like India where there are lakhs of people who have no employment. By using their skills wisely people can have better lives and they can help in the overall prosperity of the country. Learning such skills promote the dignity of labor. In India we certainly divide workers as white-collar and blue-collar. People who do white-collar jobs are supposed to be better than those who do blue-collar jobs. This is a wrong idea. Any honest job has its own dignity.

Activity 3

Collect pictures, photographs, newspaper cuttings, cartoons, caricatures and other materials related to the main events in the life of Gandhiji. Using these, prepare an album about Gandhiji. You may give suitable captions and short descriptions, wherever required.

Language activity

a) Read the following sentences from ‘Maternity’.
1. The child was condemned to die of hunger.
2. The women gave vent to various cries of horror.
3. She pressed the baby to her heart.
4. Mikali’s heart trembled with joy.

Answer:

b) Now, read the passage below and identify the subjects and predicates.

The little child was crying for milk. Mikali had no money in his pocket to buy milk. The poor boy approached the women around. All the women in the camp who saw the child gave vent to cries of horror. A kind Chinese woman finally gave it milk.

Answer:

In a typical sentence, a Noun Phrase (NP) is immediately followed by a Verb Phrase (VP). A noun phrase can be a noun, a pronoun or a group of words that does the function of a noun. A verb phrase consists of a helping verb or a main verb which may or may not be followed by other words.

Let’s split the subject and predicate parts of the first sentence.
The little child was crying for milk.

The headword of the noun phrase is a noun. The other words are used to give additional information about the headword. Thus the obligatory element in a noun phrase is the noun. Any other element is optional.

Determiner

Articles, possessives, and demonstratives which come before a noun are called determiners.

Articles: a, an, the
Possessives: my, our, your, his, her, their, its, Gandhiji’s, etc.
Demonstratives: this, that, these, those

Now, let’s have a look at the following sentence.
All the women in the camp who saw the child gave vent to cries of horror.
Identify the noun phrase and the verb phrase

Pre-determiners or pre-articles are those items which come before the determiner in an NP. Words and phrase like ‘half’, ‘half of’, ‘all’, ‘all of’ etc. are called pre-determiners.

a) The structure of the noun phrase of a sentence can be:


Answer:

b) Analyze the subject part of the other sentences in the passage given above in the same way and identify the constituents. Work with your partner and write down the ideas you have discussed.
Answer:
The little child – article → adjective noun Mikali -noun
The poor boy – article → adjective → noun
All the women in the camp who saw the child – pre-determiner → article → noun → prepositional phrase → relative clause
A kind Chinese woman – article →> adjective → adjective → noun

c) What are your conclusions?
Answer:
1. A sentence has two parts.
2. The subject part is usually a noun phrase.
3. The noun phrase may consist of ……………..
4. The predicate is usually…..
Answer:

1. A sentence has two parts.
2. The subject part is usually a noun phrase.
3. The noun phrase may consist of pre-determiner → determiner → adjective → noun → prepositional phrase → relative clause
4. The predicate is usually a verb phrase.

d) Let’s see what a verb phrase consists of
Look at the picture and identify the verb phrase in the sentences given below.

Answer:

1. left the pool.
2. left the pool in the morning.
3. was waiting for its prey.
4. killed the duckling.
5. took rest at the pond.
6. died

Now, read the sentences again and identify the verb phrases along with its constituents.

Now, read the sentences again and identify the verb phrases along with its constituents.

Answer:

Make sentences of your own with the following constituents in the verb phrase given below.
1. VP —
2. VP + NP —
3. VP + NP + PREP. PHRASE —
4. ………………..
5. ……………….
6. ……………….
Answer:

1. VP — Joe came.
2. VP + NP — Joe killed a rat.
3. VP+NP+Pre Phrase — Joe killed a snake with a stick.
4. VP — Rosy smiled.
5. VP + NP — Rosy read a book.
6. VP+NP+Pre Phrase — Rosy read a book in the morning.

You can Download From The Village Blacksmith Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 8th Standard English Solutions Unit 3 Chapter 4  helps you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 8th Standard Hindi Solutions Unit 3 Chapter 4 The Village Blacksmith (H W Longfellow)

Std 8 English Textbook From The Village Blacksmith Questions and Answers

The Village Blacksmith Poem Answers Question 1.
What words does the poet use to show the strength of the blacksmith?


Answer:
Mighty, large and sinewy, brawny arms, iron bands.

The Village Blacksmith Poem Questions And Answers Question 2.
Why could the blacksmith ‘look the whole world in the face? What does this suggest about the blacksmith?

Answer:
He is honest and lives by working hard. He does not owe anyone anything.

Question Answer Of The Village Blacksmith Question 3.
What is the blacksmith’s swinging his sled compared to?

Answer:
To a sexton ringing the village bell.

Question 4.
The children enjoy watching blacksmith’s work. Give instances from the poem that suggest this. Identify another simile used by the poet.

The Village Blacksmith Poem Answer:
The burning sparks that fly like chaff from a threshing floor.

Question 5.
What does the blacksmith do on Sundays? How does he feel?

The Village Blacksmith Questions and Answer: He goes to church and sits among his sons listening to the parson’s prayer. Hearing his daughter’s voice in the choir, he is filled with joy.

Blacksmith Question 6. What is the blacksmith reminded of when he hears his daughter’s voice singing in the village choir?

Answer:
He is reminded of his dead wife.

Question 7.
Identify the similes used in the poem.

Answer:
The burning sparks that fly like chaff from a threshing floor’

The Village Blacksmith Extra Question 8. What would have happened to the blacksmith’s wife? Pick outlines from the poem to justify your answer.

Answer:
The blacksmith’s wife might have died.
It seems to him like her mother’s voice,
Singing in Paradise How in the grave she lies’

Poem on Village in Hindi Question 9. What lesson do you learn from the life of blacksmith?

Answer:
The blacksmith’s life establishes the fact that life is a mixture of hardships, sorrow and happiness. We have to make our fortune from the adverse situations in our life.

The Village Blacksmith Question 10. Pick out the words related to a blacksmith’s job from the poem

Answer:
blow, heavy sledge, beat, flaming forge burning sparks Knowing the narrator couldn’t move forward, he put the oar in the water as though trying to prevent the raft from moving trying to anchor it in place.

The Village Blacksmith Additional Questions and Answers

Questions l to 4: Read the lines from the poem ‘ The Village Blacksmith’ and answer the questions that follow :
Week in, week out, from morn till night,
You can hear his bellows blow;
You can hear him swing his heavy sledge,
With measured beat and slow,
Like a sexton ringing the village bell’
When the evening sun is low.
And children coming home from school
Look in at the open door
They love to see the flaming forge,
And hear the bellows roar,
And catch the burning sparks that fly
Like chaff from a threshing – floor
He goes on Sunday to the church
And sits among his boys.
He hears the parson pray and preaches
He hears his daughter’s voice
Singing in the village choir,
And it makes his heart rejoice
1. Identity a simile from the above lines.
2. What does the blacksmith do on Sundays?
3. What does the blacksmith remember when he hears his daughter singing in the village choir?
4. What is the blacksmith’s swinging his sledge compared to?
Answer:
1. The burning sparks that fly like chaff from a threshing floor.
2. He goes to church and sits among his sons listening to the parson’s prayer.
3. He is reminded of his wife.
4. To a sexton ringing his village bell.

Question 5.
Prepare a short profile of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow using the hints given below.
Born: February 27, 1807, Portland
Education: Bowdoin College
Notable works: The Village Blacksmith, A Psalm of Life, The Wreck of Hesperus, The Divine Tragedy, Voices of the Night
Died: March 24, 1882
Answer:
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow:
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was born on February 27, 1807, in Portland. He was educated at Bowdoin College. The Village Blacksmith, A Psalm Of Life, The Wreck of Hesperus, The Divine Tragedy, Voices of the Night etc are his notable works. He passed away on March 24 in 1882.

Questions 6 to 10. These days more and more children prefer processed and fast foods. This is leading to diseases. Study the information given below regarding the advantages and disadvantages of natural and pro¬cessed food and answer the questions that follow.

6. The frequent use of processed food can lead to …………………..
7. Which type of food is cheaper?
8. Why do doctors suggest natural food only?
9. What attracts children to processed food?
10. What disadvantage does natural food make for your mother?
Answer:
6. Diseases
7. Natural food
8. Natural food is good for health.
9. Tasty
10. Have to buy daily.

The Village Blacksmith Summary in English

The poet here describes a village blacksmith with his experiences of the past and the present. He was a strongman and had large and sinewy hands. His muscles were as strong as iron. His hair was crisp, black and long. His brow was wet with sweat because he worked hard and earned whatever he could. He looks at the world with pride because he is not indebted to anyone. He works continuously and the sound of the bellows and the beating of the iron are heard in the air. His beating of the iron is as rhythmic as the ringing of the church bell in the evening. Children returning from school curiously watch the blacksmith’s bellows. They try to catch the burning sparks.

The blacksmith goes to church on every Sunday and takes part in prayers and listens to the sermon. He hears his daughter’s voice in the choir and is delighted. He feels that he is hearing the singing of his dead wife from heaven. After completing his day’s work he goes to sleep at night. The poet thanks the blacksmith. He has taught him a good lesson like an intimate friend. Our fortunes have to be formed from the flaming forge of life. Our thoughts and deeds should be shaped from the sounding anvil.

The Village Summary in Malayalam

The Village Glossary

You can Download Taj Mahal Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 8th Standard English Solutions Unit 1 Chapter 3 helps you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 8th Standard Hindi Solutions Unit 1 Chapter 3 Taj Mahal (Rabindranath Tagore)

Std 8 English Textbook Taj Mahal Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What, in the poet’s view, are the things that would float away down the stream of time?

Answer:
Life, youth, wealth and renown – all float away down the stream of time.

Question 2.
What do you think was Shah Jahan’s ‘heart’s pain’?

Answer:
The memories of his beloved wife, Mumtaz. He wanted to preserve it by building a monument.

Question 3.
Why is ‘imperial power’ compared to the splendor of sunset?

Answer:
Like the sunset, imperial power also diminishes/fades.

Question 4.
Pick out the lines which mean emeralds, rubies and pearls are transient.

Answer:
“Though emerald, rubies, pearls are all But as the glitter of a rainbow trick¬ing out empty air And must pass away”

Question 5.
‘All float away down the stream of time’. What image do you get from this line?

Answer:
The visual image of things floating down the stream of time gives us the idea that whatever is worldly will perish oneday.

Question 6.
Pick out two instances of simile from the poem.

Answer;
i. The harsh thunder of imperial power Would fade into sleep Like a sunset’s crimson splendor
ii. ii. Though emeralds, rubies, pearls are all But as the glitter of a rainbow tricking out empty air And must pass away,

Taj Mahal Textbook Activities And Answers

Activity 1.

In this poem, the poet uses similes and metaphors. A simile is a figure of speech that draws comparison between two things using the words ‘like’ or ‘as’.
Pick out instances of similes from the poem.
……………………………………
……………………………………
Answer:
Instance of similes from the poem

• Like a sunset’s crimson splendor
• As the glitter of rainbow tricking out empty air.

Activity 2.

Poets use various images to lead the readers to a sensory experience. Images often give us mental pictures that appeal to our senses of sight, sound, taste, touch, and smell. Pick out instances of visual and auditory (sound) images from the poem. One is done for you.

Answer:

Activity 3.

Write down words from the poem related to transience and eternity.

Answer:

Taj Mahal Additional Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Read the lines from the poem ‘Taj Mahal’ and answer the following questions.
You knew, Emperor of India, Shah Jahan,
That Life, youth,wealth, renown
All float away down the stream of time
Your only dream
Was to preserve forever your heart’s pain
The harsh thunder of imperial power
Would fade into deep
Like a sunset’s crimson splendour,
But it was your hope
That at least a single, eternally- heaved sigh would stay
To grieve the sky
a. Who does the poet address as ‘you’ in the poem?
b. What does the expression ‘float away down the stream of time’ signify?
c. Pick out an instance of simile from the above lines?
d. What does the expression ‘heart pain’ refer to?
e. Pick out the word which is related to ‘Kingship’.
Answer:
a. Emperor of India Shahjahan.
b. They are transient.
c. Like a sunset’s crimson splendor
d. The loss of memories of his beloved queen.
e. Imperial

Question 2.
Prepare a short profile of Rabindranath Tagore using the hints given below.
Born: 1861
Famous as: poet, short story writer, musician, educationist, and philosopher
Achievement: The first non – European to win the Nobel Prize for literature.
Important Works: Gitanjali, The Golden Boat, Cabuliwalah, The Post office, The Broken Nest, etc
Died: 1941
Answer:
Rabindranath Tagore:
Rabindranath Tagore was born in 1861. He was famous as a poet, short story writer, musician, educationist, and philosopher. He was the first non- European to win the Nobel Prize for literature. His important works are Gitanjali, The Golden Boat, Cabuliwalah, The Post Office and The Broken Nest. He passed away in 1941.

Taj Mahal Summary in English

Rabindranath Tagore was a great admirer of ‘Taj Mahal’. According to some, he could feel the soul of Taj Mahal. He goes beyond the materialistic aspect of the monument. For Shah Jahan it was not just a beautifully carved building made of white marble. It was an expression of his love for his late wife Mumtaz Mahal. According to the poet, life, youth, money, power etc., will come and go. Only the feelings and memories built by love will remain in the hearts of people. Thus Taj Mahal being a symbol of love and memory of Shah Jahan’s beloved will remain forever.

Taj Mahal Summary in Malayalam

Taj Mahal Glossary

You can Download From My Grandmother’s House Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 8th Standard English Solutions Unit 5 Chapter 3  helps you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 8th Standard Hindi Solutions Unit 4 Chapter 3 My Grandmother’s House (Kamala Das)

Std 8 English Textbook From My Grandmother’s House Questions and Answers

Question
1. ……… ‘That woman died, ……… ’Who is the woman referred to here? How is she related to the poet?
Answer:
Grandmother

Question 2.
What happened to the house after the death of the grandmother?
Answer:
After her death, the house withdrew into silence and snakes moved among the books.

Question 3.
’………. to lie Behind my bedroom door like a brooding Dog…. means that
i. The memories will always remain with the poet.
ii. The memories will lie unca-red for in a corner.
iii. The memories are as important as a dog.
Answer:
The memories will always remain with the poet.

Question 4.
The poet wants to go back to the house
i. to peer ……………
ii. to listen ………………
iii. to pick …………..
Answer:
5. Identify the most appropriate meaning for the expression, ‘an armful of darkness’.
i. Sad days
ii. Darkness of the past
iii. Memories of the grandmother’s house.
Answer:
memories of the grandmother’s house.

Question 6.
In the last three lines of the poem, the poet thinks of herself as a beggar.
a. What is she begging for?
b. What does she mean by sma- II change’?
Answer:
a. She is begging for love,
b. small quantity

Question 7.
Why are the eyes of the windows described as blind?
Answer:
Windows are dusty and so one cannot see through it.

Question 8.
The air in the grandmother’s house is frozen. Why?
Answer:
Due to silence and loneliness

Question 9.
Which words tell you that the poet is talking to someone? What is she talking about?
Answer:
The word ‘darling’. She is talking about the house that she had lived in and the love she received while living there.

Question 10.
How does the house itself share the grief of grandmother’s death?
Answer:
The house withdrew into silence and snakes moved among the books.

My Grandmother’s House Textbook Questions And Answers

Let’s revisit

Activity 1.

The poet thinks of her past. How is her present different from the past? Find hints/phrases from the poem which give you the idea that house was deserted after the death of the grandmother?
Answer:

• She had been given too much love in the past. But in the present, she is begging for love.
• The house withdrew into silence and snakes moved among the books.

Activity 2.

Look at the phrase ‘blind eyes of windows’.
(i) Do you think that windows have eyes?
(ii) Aren’t ‘eyes’ a feature of living beings?
(iii) Is the poet attributing human qualities to ‘windows’? How?
Here the poet uses personification’. Personification is a figure of speech where a thing, an idea or an animal is given human attributes. E.g. The flowers danced in the breeze. Pick out another example of personification from the poem.
Answer:
Eg. Eye of the windows
Windows do not have eyes. Eyes, a feature of living beings is attributed to windows.
‘…. pick an armful of Darkness to bring it here to lie Behind my bedroom door like a brooding Dog…’

Activity 3.

……… my blood turned cold like the moon’ is an example of simile. Pick out another simile from the poem.
Answer:
Simile: Behind my bedroom door like a brooding dog.

Activity 4.

‘……….. blood turned cold’ is an instance of a tactile image. Find out other images from the poem.
Answer:
Snakes moved among books – Visual image
Peer through blind eyes – Visual image
Listen to the frozen air – Auditory image
Pick an armful of darkness – Visual
By now at stranger’s door – Visual

My Grandmother’s House Additional Questions and Answers

Read the lines from the poem ‘ My Grandmother’s House’ and answer the following questions.
I received love… That woman died,
The house withdrew into silence, snakes moved
Among books, I was then too young
To read, and my blood turned cold like the moon.
How often I think of going
There, to peer through bind eyes of windows or
Just listen to the frozen air
1. Who is the woman referred here?
2. Why did the house withdraw into silence?
3. The expression ‘blind eyes of windows’ is an example of (simile/ metaphor/ personification)
4. Why does the speaker want to go back to the house?
Answer:
1. Grandmother.
2. Because grandma died
3. Metaphor/ personification
4. To catch the memories of love.

Question 5.
Prepare a short profile of Kamala Surayya using the hints given below.
Born. : March 31, 1934
Famous as: Indian English poetess and a leading Malayalam author from Kerala.
Penname: Madhavikutty
Major works: The Sirens, Summer in Calcutta, My Story, Alphabet of Lust
Notable awards: Ezhuthachchan Puraskaram, Vayalar Award, Sahitya Akademi award
Died: May 31, 2009, age 75
Answer:
Kamala Surayya:
Kamala Surayya was born on March 31 in 1934. She was a leading English poetess and a leading Malayalam author from Kerala. She was known by her pen name Madhavikutty. The Sirens, Summer in Calcutta, My Story and Alphabet of Lust are her notable works. She was awarded the Ezhuthachchan Puraskaram, Vayalar Award, and Sahitya Akademi award. She passed away at the age of 75 on May 31, 2009.

Question 6.
Given below are some of the headlines found in newspapers. Read them carefully and answer the questions that follow.
A. India sweeps Series against England
B. Oil Price ‘inflammable’
C. Noted poet Mullanezhi passes away
D. Teacher’s package announced
E. Two found dead in road mishap
1. A headline that can be called an obituary is …………………..
2. The headline that can upset a vehicle owner is ………………
3. Which headline is related to educational news?
4. The headline that reports an accident is …………….
5. Which headline conies under the category of sports news?
Answer:
1. Noted poet Mullanezhi passes away
2. Oil Price Inflammable
3. Teacher’s package announced
4. Two found dead in road mishap
5. India sweeps Series against England

My Grandmother’s House Summary in English

The poetess recalls the house where she once used to live with her grandmother who was very fond of her and from whom she used to receive a lot of love. The grandmother had died, and the house had then ceased(stopped) to be inhabited by any¬body. The poetess was in those days a little girl and did not even know how to read the books which lay in the house. The death of her grandmother had made the little girl lose her capacity to feel. It had seemed to her that the blood in her veins was no longer warm but had turned cold, as cold as the moon.

The poetess now often thinks of going to that house in order to look at the things inside it through the windows; but the windows being closed she would not be able to see anything lying inside, and would be able only to experience a feeling of utter hopelessness, and then to gather some of the darkness from that place and bring it with her to her bedroom where she would merely lie down to meditate upon her memories of the past. Addressing her husband, Kamala Surayya says that he would perhaps not be able to believe that she had lived in such a house, had felt proud of herself, and had received the love of someone (namely her grandmother). She no longer receives any love from anybody. Now she seeks love like a beggar from strangers, and she would feel consoled even if she gets a small measure of love from somebody

My Grandmother’s House Glossary