A thorough understanding of Class 10 Biology Notes Kerala Syllabus Chapter 5 Important Questions Immunity and Healthcare can improve academic performance.
SSLC Biology Chapter 5 Important Questions Immunity and Healthcare
Immunity and Healthcare Class 10 Important Questions
Question 1.
Choose the correct pair from the following options.
ENT – Treatment of Eye
Cardiology – Treatment of Heart
Ophthalmology – Treatment of Cancer
Answer:
Cardiology – Treatment of heart.
Question 2.
Which of the following is not a bacterial disease?
1. Tuberculosis
2. Nipah
3. Diphtheria
4. Anthrax
Answer:
Nipah
Question 3.
Communicable diseases are diseases caused by microorganisms and transmitted from one person to another.
Which of the following are included in the category of communicable diseases?
1. Dengue fever
2. Chikungunya
3. Typhoid
4. Malaria
5. Diabetes
A. 1, 2, and 3 only
B. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
C. 1, 2, 3, and 4 only
D. 2, 4 only
Answer:
C. 1, 2, 3, and 4 only
Question 4.
Examine the statement and reason, choose the correct answer and write it down.
Statement: When plants are infected with pathogens, the cells in the attacked area self-destruct to prevent the spread of the disease.
Reason: If pathogens enter by crossing the plant cell wall, the formation of a polysaccharide called callose in the cell wall helps prevent the spread of the pathogen.
a) The statement and the reason are correct. The reason is the correct explanation of the statement.
b) The statement and the reason are correct. The reason is the incorrect explanation of the statement.
c) The statement is correct. The reason is incorrect
d) The statement is incorrect because the reason is correct
Answer:
b) The statement and the reason are correct. The reason is the incorrect explanation of the statement.
Question 5.
The details of blood groups of two persons are given in the table. Analyse them and answer the questions.
| Person | Antigen | Antibody | Rh factor |
| X | B | a | Present |
| Y | A | b | Absent |
a) Identify the blood groups of persons X and Y.
b) Can Y receive blood from X? Why?
Answer:
a) X – B Group, Y – A Group
b) No, the antigen in the donor’s blood will react with the antibody in the recipient’s blood and cause the blood to clot.
Question 6.
Choose suitable hints from the box and complete the table.
| • Culex mosquito • Plasmodium |
• Bat
• Filarial worm |
• Anopheles mosquito
• Virus |
| Disease | Vector | Pathogen |
| Malaria | ||
| Filariasis |
Answer:
Malaria – Anopheles mosquito – Plasmodium.
Filariasis – Culex mosquito – Filarial worm.
Question 7.
Analyse the given condition and answer the questions:
‘Red blood cells bend like a sickle’
a) Identify the disease.
b) In this condition, other blood cells do not undergo the same structural change as red blood cells. Why?
Answer:
a) Sickle cell anemia
b) There is no haemoglobin in other blood cell (The defect in genes can cause deformities in, the sequencing of amino acids which are the building blocks of haemoglobin of Red blood cell).
Question 8.
Analyse the given illustration of the diseases and answer the questions.
a) Complete ‘i’
b) Complete ‘ii’ and ‘iii’ choosing appropriate one from the given diseases.
Answer:
a) (i) Viral Diseases
b) (ii) Mosaic diseases
(iii) Hepatitis
Question 9.
Observe the part of an awareness notice given below:
a) Identify the disease.
b) How do unsterilized injection needles transmit this disease?
Answer:
a) AIDS
b) Unsterilised needles used by an AIDS patient contain blood, in which HIV is present. Here, the disease transmission occurs through body fluids.
Question 10.
The picture shows a disease characterised by swelling of the lymph vessels in the legs due to obstruction of lymph flow.
a) Write the name of the disease and the pathogen
b) Suggest a way to prevent the spread of this disease.
Answer:
a) Filariasis – filarial worms
b) Mosquito control. People with this disease should avoid mosquito bites.
Question 11.
Anjana gets wounded on her foot while playing with her friends. Due to continuous bleeding, her parents take her to the hospital. The doctor’s diagnosis after thorough investigation, is given below.
“This has happened as the blood is not clotting. This is a genetic disease.”
a) What is Anjana’s disease?
b) How can temporary relief be brought about for the disease?
Answer:
a) Haemophilia
b) Injecting the deficient protein helps in blood clotting.
Question 12.
Analyse the given statement and answer the questions.
“The basis of blood grouping is the presence of antigen A and antigen B in red blood cells”.
According to this, how many blood groups are there in humans? Write the antigen and antibody of each group.
Answer:
There are four main blood groups in humans, based on the presence (or absence) of the A and B antigens.
| Blood group | Antigen | Antibody |
| A | A | b |
| B | B | a |
| AB | AB | – |
| O | – | a, b |
Question 13.
Some of the defence mechanisms in plants are given below:
a) Callose
b) Cuticle
c) Bark
How do each of them help in defence?
Answer:
i) Callose prevents germs that have crossed the cell wall from entering the cell membrane.
ii) Cuticle prevents the entry of germs through leaves.
iii) Bark protects the inner cells from direct contact with pathogens.
Question 14.
Rearrange columns B and C in accordance with column A:
| A Disease | B Pathogen | C Spreading |
| Filariasis | Protozoa | Through contact |
| Ringworm | Virus | Through Culex mosquito |
| Malaria | Fungus | Through air |
| Filarial worm | Through female Anopheles mosquito |
Answer:
Filariasis – filarial worm – Through Culex mosquito. Roundworm – fungus – Through contact.
Malaria – protozoa – Through Anopheles female mosquito
Question 15.
The result of a survey conducted by the Health Department on mosquito borne diseases is shown in the graph. Analyse the graph and answer the questions.
a) Which disease affects more number of people?
b) Write symptoms of the disease B.
c) Suggest suitable measures to prevent the spread of the diseases shown in the graph.
Answer:
a) Filariasis (Filarial worm).
b) High fever with shivering, profuse sweating, headache, vomiting, diarrhoea, anaemia, etc.
c) Dengue fever, Malaria, and Filariasis are the diseases spread by mosquitoes. Therefore, avoid circumstances that lead to the spread of mosquitoes. Observe ‘Dry Day’ once in two weeks, keep our surroundings clean, and practice the use of measures like mosquito nets.
Question 16.
Classify the diseases given below into animal diseases and plant diseases.
| Anthrax, Blight disease, Quick wilt, Foot and mouth disease, Inflammation of udder, Bunchy top |
| Animal diseases | Plant diseases |
| Anthrax | Blight disease |
| Foot and mouth disease | Quick wilt |
| Inflammation of udder | Bunchy top |
Question 17.
A study of the Agriculture Department on plant diseases in a panchayath is given below as a graph. Analyse this and answer the questions.
a) Which is the most affected crop?
b) Name the disease that affects pepper.
c) What are the fungal diseases that affected the plants of that area?
Answer:
a) Paddy
b) Quick wilt
c) Bud rot; quick wilt
Question 18.
Many voluntary organisations are involved in our society to offer better care to cancer patients.
a) What is cancer?
b) How do normal cells become cancer cells?
c) What are the treatments for cancer?
Answer:
a) Cancer is a disease in which cells multiply and spread to other tissues through uncontrolled cell division.
b) Disruption of the control mechanisms in the process of cell division, environmental factors, smoking, viruses, radiation, hereditary factors, and mutations can cause cancer.
c) Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.
Question 19.
Observe the illustration and answer the questions.
a) Which process is indicated in the illustration?
b) Which white blood cells participate in this process?
c) Write the various steps in this process in order.
Answer:
a) Phagocytosis.
b) Monocyte, neutrophil.
c) Phagocytosis – different stages:
- The phagocyte cell is attracted to the site of infection by chemicals released by the pathogen or by signals from damage to the body.
- The phagocyte cell uses its cell membrane to engulf the pathogen. This cavity inside the cell where the pathogen has entered is called the phagosome.
- The phagosome fuses with a lysosome. The resulting cavity is called the phagolysosome. This step is crucial for destroying the pathogen.
- Inside the phagolysosome, powerful digestive enzymes (for example, hydrolytic enzymes) in the lysosome digest the pathogen’s cell wall and proteins.
- After the pathogen is completely destroyed and digested, the unwanted debris is expelled from the cell.
Question 20.
Explain how the following defence mechanisms help in immune function.
a) Phagocytosis
b) Fever
c) Wound healing
d) Blood clotting
Answer:
a) Swallows and destroys pathogens
b) Reduces the rate of multiplication of pathogens.
Increases the efficiency of phagocytosis.
c) Reduces the risk of infection
d) To prevent blood loss through wounds and prevent the entry of pathogens through wounds.
Question 21.
a) Complete the flowchart showing the blood clotting.
b) Blood clotting is a defence mechanism to prevent the loss of blood through wounds. Mention the different stages of this process.
Answer:
a) A – Thrombin,
B – Fibrin
b) Stages of blood clotting:
a) When an injury occurs, the platelets and damaged tissues at the site produce an enzyme called thromboplastin. This converts a protein in the blood plasma called prothrombin into thrombin.
b) Thrombin then converts an inactive protein called fibrinogen into fibrin.
c) The fibrin forms a network of fibres that traps red blood cells, forming a blood clot.
d) This clot prevents further blood loss until the wound is healed.
Question 22.
Ravi prepared an illustration showing defence mechanisms in plants. Complete it.
Answer:
a) Prevents the entry of germs which have crossed the cell wall, through cell membrane.
b) Bark
c) Cuticle in leaves
d) Cell wall